The effects of exposure of chicken embryos to various electromagnetic fields of 1.8 - 5.6 GHz on the development should be investigated.
Fertile chicken eggs were divided into the following groups (n=450 each): 1) exposure to a 1.8 GHz electromagnetic field (GSM), 2) exposure to a 1.88 GHz electromagnetic field (DECT), 3) exposure to a 2.1 GHz electromagnetic field (UMTS), 4) exposure to a 5.6 GHz electromagnetic field (WLAN), 5) control group (n=900). Chicks hatched on day 22.
| Exposure | Parameters |
|---|---|
|
Exposure 1:
1.8 GHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
Exposure duration:
22 days
|
|
|
Exposure 2:
1.88 GHz
Exposure duration:
22 days
|
|
|
Exposure 3:
2.1 GHz
Modulation type:
CW
Exposure duration:
22 days
|
|
|
Exposure 4:
5.6 GHz
Exposure duration:
22 days
|
|
| Frequency | 1.8 GHz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Charakteristic | |
| Exposure duration | 22 days |
| Additional info | GSM |
| Exposure source | |
|---|---|
| Distance between exposed object and exposure source | 1.6 m |
| Chamber | climate-controlled room |
| Setup | three stainless steel shielding cabinets (2.32 x 1.17 x 1.1 m3) were placed next to each other (approximately 70 cm apart); cabinets were ventilated and fitted with three identical egg turning mechanisms constructed from non-metal materials (wood and plastics); the antenna was connected to a signal generator and was positioned at approximately 1.6m above the eggs; shielding efficiency of the cabinet was 90 dB for all frequencies when the door was open (worst case) and higher when the door was shut (normal case during exposure); egg surface temperature was maintained at 37.8°C; field inhomogeneity between the edges of the exposure chamber and the inner space were considered in experimental methods and statistics |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| electric field strength | 3 V/m | - | estimated | - | - |
| SAR | 0.38 mW/kg | average over time | calculated | - | for one egg |
| Frequency | 1.88 GHz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Charakteristic | |
| Exposure duration | 22 days |
| Additional info | DECT |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| electric field strength | 3 V/m | - | estimated | - | - |
| SAR | 0.41 mW/kg | average over time | calculated | - | for one egg |
| Frequency | 2.1 GHz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Charakteristic | |
| Exposure duration | 22 days |
| Additional info | UMTS |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| electric field strength | 3 V/m | - | estimated | - | - |
| SAR | 0.45 mW/kg | average over time | calculated | - | for one egg |
| Frequency | 5.6 GHz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Charakteristic | |
| Exposure duration | 22 days |
| Additional info | WLAN |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| electric field strength | 3 V/m | - | estimated | - | - |
| SAR | 0.38 mW/kg | average over time | calculated | - | for one egg |
Overall, no significant differences were found between the exposure groups and the control group.
The authors conclude that there are no strong indications for effects of exposure of chicken embryos to various electromagnetic fields of 1.8 - 5.6 GHz on the development.
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