Study overviews

Please note that a publication can be assigned to several endpoints, i.e. the sum of publications from the individual thematic points and subpoints can be greater than the total sum of actual publications.

Experimental studies on magnetic power frequency fields (50/60 Hz)

2042 studies in total
  1. 763 studies
  2. 632 studies
  3. 511 studies
  4. 413 studies
  5. 328 studies
  6. 207 studies

Other

413 studies in total
  1. 250 studies
  2. 99 studies
  3. 82 studies
  4. 6 studies

Effects on invertebrates 99 studies in total

Authors Year Exposed system Parameters Magnetic flux density/field strength
Zhang ZY et al. 2016 invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>/wildtype (Canton-S) and mutant (w1118) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure -
Becker G 1976 - magnetic field, 50/60 Hz -
Zagirnyak m et al. 2018 - 50/60 Hz, magnetic field, shielding/field deprivation -
Wyszkowska J et al. 2018 - 50/60 Hz, magnetic field -
Zhang M et al. 2020 - magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency -
Lupi D et al. 2020 - electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure -
Migdał P et al. 2022 invertebrate, honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera carnica</i>) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line -
Jakubowska-Lehrmann M et al. 2022 invertebrate, cockle (<i>Cerastoderma glaucum</i>) magnetic field, static magnetic field, underground cable, 50/60 Hz -
Acosta-Avalos D et al. 2015 fire ant (<i>Solenopsis</i> sp.) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, static magnetic field, co-exposure -
Li Y et al. 2022 invertebrate, honeybee (<i>Apis cerana</i>) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz -
Chen W et al. 2023 <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i> magnetic field, 50/60 Hz -
Kawasaki H et al. 2023 invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>/wild type (Oregon R), cryptochrome mutants (<i>cry<sup>b</sup></i>) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency -
Wyszkowska J et al. 2023 invertebrate, cricket (<i>Gryllus bimaculatus</i>) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz -
Albert L et al. 2023 invertebrate, velvet crab (<i>Necora puber</i>) magnetic field, DC, 50/60 Hz, underground cable, static magnetic field, high-voltage direct current (HVDC) -
Wyszkowska J et al. 2023 invertebrate, mealworm beetle (<i>Tenebrio molitor</i>) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency -
Jenrow KA et al. 1996 invertebrate, turbellarian, flatworm/<i>Dugesia tigrina</i>, whole body magnetic field, static magnetic field, geomagnetic field, 50/60 Hz, DC 0.01–78.42 µT
Panagopoulos DJ et al. 2003 invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>/Oregon-R, whole body GSM, mobile communications, PW pulsed wave, electric field, magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 0.04 µT–7 mT
Belova N et al. 2007 invertebrate, plant, planarian/<i>Girardia tigrina</i> and flax (<i>Linum usitatissimum</i>) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 0.1–140 µT
Portelli LA et al. 2012 invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> magnetic field, static magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, DC, co-exposure, shielding/field deprivation 0.201–42.5 µT
Greenberg B et al. 1979 invertebrate, honeybee electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line 0.44–0.71 µT
Regoli F et al. 2005 invertebrate, land snail (<i>Helix aspersa</i>), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line 0.5–50 µT
Kirschvink J et al. 1997 invertebrate, honeybee (<i>Apis mellifera carnica</i>) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 1.3–1,300 µT
Lupi D et al. 2021 invertebrate, honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i>), whole body power transmission line, 50/60 Hz, electric field, magnetic field 1.49–2.43 µT
Graham JH et al. 2000 invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (from egg to adult) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1.5–80.5 µT
Ishay JS et al. 2007 animal, oriental worker hornet <i>Vespa orientalis</i>, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 5–7 µT
Tipping DR et al. 1999 invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 8 µT
Carmody S et al. 2000 intact cell/cell culture, H9c2 cells (myoblast from embryonal rat myocard), invertebrate, eggs from <i>Sciara coprophila</i> magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 8 µT
Goodman R et al. 2009 invertebrate, head and tail portions of planarian/<i>Dugesia dorotocethala</i> magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 8–9.5 µT
Shepherd S et al. 2021 invertebrate, desert locust (<i>Schistocerca gregaria</i>) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency 10–7,000 µT
Shepherd S et al. 2018 invertebrate, honeybee (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, magnetic field 20–7,000 µT
Prato FS et al. 2000 invertebrate, snail (<i>Cepaea nemoralis</i>), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 38–414 µT
Prato FS et al. 1997 invertebrate, land snail (<i>Cepaea nemoralis</i>) magnetic field, static magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 39.1–282 µT
Junkersdorf B et al. 2000 invertebrate, nematode (<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>)/pPCZ1 and pD2047 magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 50–200 µT
Fedele G et al. 2014 tissue slices, brain slices from the suprachiasmatic nucleus, mouse/<i>Per2:Luc</i>, invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>/wildtype (Canton-S) and cryptochrome mutants (cry<sup>02</sup>, tim>cry, tim>cryW342F;cry<sup>02</sup>, tim>cry&Delta;;cry<sup>02</sup>, tim>hCRY1;cry<sup>02</sup>, tim>hCRY2;cry<sup>02</sup>), whole body magnetic field, static magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 50–1,000 µT
Prato FS et al. 1996 invertebrate, snail (<i>Cepaea nemoralis</i>), whole body magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 78–299 µT
Thomas AW et al. 1997 invertebrate, land snail (<i>Cepaea nemoralis</i>) magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 100 µT
Kavaliers M et al. 1990 invertebrate, snail (<i>Cepaea nemoralis</i>), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100 µT
Kavaliers M et al. 1993 invertebrate, snail (<i>Cepaea nemoralis</i>), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100 µT
Zimmerman S et al. 1990 invertebrate, sea urchin (<i>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</i>) (embryo), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100 µT
Michel A et al. 1999 invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (embryo), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure, source not given 100 µT
Child SZ et al. 1992 invertebrate, snail (<i>Hilicella caperata</i>), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100 µT
Kavaliers M et al. 1991 invertebrate, snail (<i>Cepaea nemoralis</i>), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100 µT
Tysdale DM et al. 1991 invertebrate, snail (<i>Cepaea nemoralis</i>), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100 µT
Malagoli D et al. 2006 invertebrate, mussel/<i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i> magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100–800 µT
Shepherd S et al. 2019 invertebrate, Honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i>), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100–1,000 µT
Panagopoulos DJ et al. 2013 invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>/Oregon-R, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.1–2.1 mT
Kavaliers M et al. 1998 invertebrate, snail (<i>Cepaea nemoralis</i>), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 141 µT
Kavaliers M et al. 1999 invertebrate, land snail (<i>Cepaea nemoralis</i>), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 141 µT
Gutzeit HO 2001 invertebrate, nematode (<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>)/pPCZI and fruit fly (<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 150 µT
Chae KS 2008 invertebrate, common cutworm larvae (<i>Spodoptera litura</i>), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.2 mT