The effects of exposure of macrophages to a 60 Hz magnetic field on the inflammatory and antioxidative response should be investigated.
Cells were stimulated with 0.1, 0.5 or 1 μg/ml LPS and either exposed (group 1) or cultured under "normal" conditions (control group, no details given). Moreover, depending on the investigative technique (see "methods"), cells from both groups were additionally treated with a lentivirus to cause a knockdown (similar to knockout) of the peroxiredoxin gene (weakens the cellular antioxidant response), stimulated with ionomycin (affects cytokine production, dose not mentioned) or were treated with resveratrol (20 µM), an antioxidant.
| Exposure | Parameters |
|---|---|
|
Exposure 1:
60 Hz
Exposure duration:
continous for 2 hours - 1 day
|
|
| Frequency | 60 Hz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Exposure duration | continous for 2 hours - 1 day |
| Exposure source | |
|---|---|
| Chamber | plates with 24, 48 or 96 wells |
| Setup | the field generator comprised four square coils and one cage with three testing floors (top, middle, and bottom); the magnetic field was produced by one pair of Helmholtz coils with windings embedded in an open wooden rectangular frame; each coil had 200 turns of an insulated soft copper wire with a diameter of 1 mm; each winding was split, allowing the current to flow in the same direction through each half of the winding (field adding); spatial variation of the magnetic field was <3%; the temperature in the incubator was maintained at 37 ± 0.38°C |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| magnetic flux density | 0.8 mT | - | measured | - | at the center of the middle floor |
The production of nitric oxide and iNOS gene expression as well as gene expressions and protein expressions of inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 were significantly increased in cells exposed to the magnetic field (group 1) compared to control group cells. Moreover, exposed cells showed a significant activation of NF-kappa B and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) 2 signal pathways as well as a significantly increased calcium influx compared to control group cells. Cell proliferation and phagocytosis were not affected by the magnetic field.
In cells with a knockdown of the peroxiredoxin or with addition of resveratrol, exposure to the magnetic field was associated with higher inflammatory responses of macrophages compared to control group cells.
The authors conclude that exposure of macrophages to a 60 Hz magnetic field might enhance the inflammatory response and decrease the effectiveness of antioxidants.
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