Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aydin B et al. | 2011 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | oxidative stress in organs of the immune system (spleen, thymus, bone marrow), polymorphonuclear leukocytes and plasma | 900 MHz | 0.28–0.78 W/kg | continuous for 2h/day on 45 days | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Furtado-Filho OV et al. | 2014 | animal, rat (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>) (embryo and young animal), whole body | oxidative stress in the liver | 950 MHz | 0.01–0.88 W/kg | 30 minutes/day for 21 days during pregnancy | UHF fields |
Tomruk A et al. | 2010 | animal, rabbit/New Zealand White, whole body | oxidative stress induced liver damage (hepato-toxicity: DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and malondialdehyde level) | 1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 15 min/day on 7 days | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, PW pulsed wave |
Laudisi F et al. | 2012 | animal, mouse/C57BL/6, whole body: <i>in utero</i> | pregnancy outcome, number/proliferation of T-cells in thymus and spleen (peripheral T-cells), cytokine production | 2,451–2,473 MHz | 4 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day on 14 consecutive days (starting 5 days after mating, ending 1 day before expected delivery) | RF field, W-LAN/WiFi |
Sambucci M et al. | 2010 | animal, mouse/C57BL/6, partial body: posterior part | pregnancy outcome, spleen cell number, B cell frequency, and antibody levels | 2.45–2.473 GHz | 4 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day on 14 consecutive days, starting 5 days after mating, ending one day before expected delivery | W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz |
Ait-Aissa S et al. | 2012 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | screening of immune markers (antibodies) directed against 15 different antigens related to damage and/or pathological markers | 2.45 GHz | 0–9 W/kg | continuous 2h/day, 5 days/week from day 6 to 21 of gestation (pregnant dam) and from day 1 to 35 (pups) postnatal | W-LAN/WiFi |
Vozeh F et al. | 2007 | animal, mouse/Lurcher mutant and wild type (derived of the two strains C3H and B6CBA), whole body | spatial learning ability, motor functions, CNS excitability, development of body weight | 870 MHz | 0.05–1.44 mW/g | repeated daily exposure, 2.5 h/day, for 21 days | RF field |
Di Carlo A et al. | 2002 | animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn, whole body | stress response (HSP70 induction), hypoxia | 60 Hz | 1.7 W/kg | continuous for 30 min or 4 days, or repeated daily exposure for 20, 30 or 60 min, once or twice daily, for 4 days | microwaves, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Finnie JW et al. | 2009 | animal, mouse/BALB/c, whole body | stress response (induction of heat shock proteins) in fetal brain | 900 MHz | 4 W/kg | 60 min/day from day 1 to day 19 of gestation | mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, PW pulsed wave |
Thalau HP et al. | 2003 | animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn, whole body | temperature changes | 1.25 GHz | - | 1 to 2 h per day for 21 days | RF field |
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