Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

884 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    319 studies
  2. Other
    313 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    122 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    54 studies
  5. Fertility
    49 studies
  6. Growth
    16 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

319 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    162 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    144 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    37 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 162 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Shi Y et al. 2005 animal, mouse/CD-1, whole body embryo development (expression of embryo <i>c-fos</i> mRNA) 50 Hz - continuous from gestation day 5.5 to gestation day 8.5 magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Frölen H et al. 1993 animal, mouse/CBA/s, whole body embryogenesis 20 kHz - 12, 14, 18, or 19 days magnetic field, signals/pulses, intermediate frequency
Cameron IL et al. 1985 animal, Japanese rice fish (<i>Oryzias latipes</i>) (embryo), whole body embryogenesis 60 Hz - continuous for 48 h electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line
Bayat PD et al. 2011 animal, mouse/NMRI, whole body embryogenesis (spleen development) 50 Hz - continuous for 10 h/day on 5 days magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Fey DP et al. 2019 animal, rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) (eggs and larvae), whole body embryogenesis and development of rainbow trout larvae 50 Hz - for 36 days (from eyed egg stage to approximately 26 days post hatching) magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Krylov VV 2010 invertebrate, <i>Daphnia magna</i> Straus (great water flea) embryogenesis, developmental stages, morphometric and production characteristics of adult females that developed from the exposed eggs; survival rate 45–500 Hz - up to 43.70 h magnetic field, low frequency
Roda O et al. 2011 animal, fertilized eggs of <i>Gallus domesticus</i> (chicken; Leghorn HR7 variety) embryonal development 50 Hz - 1 s on - 0.5 s off - for 45 h, 15 days or 21 days magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz
Sandström M et al. 1987 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn (eggs), whole body embryonal development and malformations 20 kHz - continuous for 42 h magnetic field, signals/pulses, PC/TV monitor
Huuskonen H et al. 1998 animal, mouse/CBA/Ca, whole body embryonic and fetal development 50 Hz - continuous, 24 hrs/day from day 0 to day 18 of gestation period. magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, intermediate frequency
Kuzna-Grygiel W et al. 2005 invertebrate, fertilized eggs of pig roundworm (<i>Ascaris suum</i>) embryonic development 50 Hz - continuous for 60 days 50/60 Hz, power transmission line