Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

843 studies in total
  1. 308 studies
  2. 298 studies
  3. 115 studies
  4. 52 studies
  5. 45 studies
  6. 15 studies
  7. 10 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

308 studies in total
  1. 156 studies
  2. 134 studies
  3. 38 studies
  4. 2 studies
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Roda O et al. 2011 animal, fertilized eggs of <i>Gallus domesticus</i> (chicken; Leghorn HR7 variety) embryonal development 50 Hz - 1 s on - 0.5 s off - for 45 h, 15 days or 21 days magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz
Sandström M et al. 1987 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn (eggs), whole body embryonal development and malformations 20 kHz - continuous for 42 h magnetic field, signals/pulses, PC/TV monitor
Huuskonen H et al. 1998 animal, mouse/CBA/Ca, whole body embryonic and fetal development 50 Hz - continuous, 24 hrs/day from day 0 to day 18 of gestation period. magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, intermediate frequency
Kuzna-Grygiel W et al. 2005 invertebrate, fertilized eggs of pig roundworm (<i>Ascaris suum</i>) embryonic development 50 Hz - continuous for 60 days 50/60 Hz, power transmission line
Bekhite MM et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, embryoid bodies made of pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells (CCE), animal, mouse/BALB/c, whole body embryonic development of mice 50 Hz - 8 hours/day for up to 20 days during gestation magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, DC
Shams Lahijani M et al. 2013 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body embryonic heart development 50 Hz - continuous for 24 h magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Winnicki A et al. 2004 animal, fish/pike (<i>Esox lucius</i>) (eggs) embryonic motorics 50 Hz - continuous for 30 min magnetic field, static magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Chung MK et al. 2003 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body fertility and health of mother rats and teratogenicity in fetuses 60 Hz - continuous for 22 h/day from day 6 to day 20 of gestation magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Huuskonen H et al. 1993 animal, rat/Wistar, whole body fetal development/teratogenicity 50 Hz - continuous for 20 days magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, intermediate frequency
Juutilainen J et al. 1997 animal, mouse/CBA/Ca and CBA/s, whole body fetal loss/resorptions 50 Hz - continuous for 8 days, 24 hrs/day 50/60 Hz, PC/TV monitor, intermediate frequency, magnetic field