Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

842 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    308 studies
  2. Other
    297 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

308 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    156 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    134 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    38 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Radio frequency 134 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Clarke RL et al. 1983 - - 2.45 GHz 80 W/kg 300 s microwaves, 2.45 GHz
Galvin MJ et al. 1983 - - 2.45 GHz 103.4 µW/g 3h/day from day 4- day 20 of pregnancy microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Chazan B et al. 1983 animal, mouse/Swiss, whole body embryonal, fetal, and postnatal development 2.45 GHz 4–18 mW/g 2 h/day for 4 days microwaves, CW continuous wave
Lary JM et al. 1983 - - 100 MHz 0.4 W/kg 6 h 40 min /day - on gestation days 6 - 11 (total 40h) low level microwaves, CW continuous wave
Jensh RP et al. 1983 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body postnatal growth and psychophysiologic development/teratogenicity 2.45 GHz - continuous, 6 h/day through gestation microwaves, 2.45 GHz
Jensh RP et al. 1983 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body teratogenicity 2.45 GHz 3.6–5.2 W/kg 6 h/day during the whole pregnancy microwaves
Inouye M et al. 1983 - - 2.45 GHz 1.76 W/kg 3 h/day through 4-21 days of gestation microwaves, 2.45 GHz
Prasad N et al. 1982 animal, embryos of <i>Rana pipiens</i> (Northern leopard frog), whole body: <i>in ovo</i> - 30 MHz - - MRI
Jensh RP et al. 1982 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body neurological and neurobehavioral development/teratogenicity 915 MHz - repeated daily exposure, 6 h/day from day 1 to 21 of gestation microwaves, CW continuous wave
Kaplan J et al. 1982 - - 2.45 GHz 0.034–3.4 W/kg repeated daily exposure, 3 h/day, 5 days/week, for 6 months 2.45 GHz
Berman E et al. 1982 - - 2.45 GHz 6–9 mW/g 100 min./day from 6th till 14th day of gestation microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Berman E et al. 1982 animal, mouse/CD-1, whole body fetus abnormalities 2.45 GHz 16.5 mW/g 100 min/day from 6th-17th day of gestation microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Jensh RP et al. 1982 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body growth and development of the rat fetus/teratogenicity 915 MHz 3.57 W/kg 6 h/day from day 1 to day 21 of gestation microwaves, CW continuous wave
Lary JM et al. 1982 - - 27.12 MHz - gestation day 1,3,5,7,9,11,13 or 15 RF field, CW continuous wave
Inouye M et al. 1982 animal, fertilized eggs of Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>), whole body cerebellum development 2.45 GHz - continuous from day 1 through day 12 of incubation microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Inouye M et al. 1982 - - 2.45 GHz 1.3 W/kg 3 h on day 2 or day 3 of gestation microwaves, 2.45 GHz
Berman E et al. 1981 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley CD, whole body fetus abnormalities 2.45 GHz 4.2 mW/g 100 min/day for 6th to 15th day of gestation microwaves, CW continuous wave
Smialowicz RJ et al. 1981 - - 100 MHz 2.8 W/kg 4 h/day RF field, CW continuous wave
Nawrot PS et al. 1981 animal, mouse/CD-1, whole body embryo and fetus development 2.45 GHz 3.9–40.2 mW/g continuous 4h microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Lieb RJ et al. 1980 - - 27.12 MHz - continuous for 20 min therapeutic/medical device
Galvin MJ et al. 1980 - - 2.45 GHz 4.03–16.02 mW/g continuous microwaves, CW continuous wave
Fisher PD et al. 1979 - - 2.45 GHz - continuous; for 4 days 2.45 GHz, microwaves, CW continuous wave, low level microwaves
Berman E et al. 1978 animal, mouse/CD-1, whole body fetus abnormalities 2.45 GHz 4.05 mW/g continuous for 100 min/day for up to 17 days microwaves, CW continuous wave
McRee DI et al. 1977 - - 2.45 GHz 4.03 nW/g first 12 days of development microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Michaelson SM et al. 1976 - - 2.45 GHz - 1 h microwaves, 2.45 GHz