Study overviews

Please note that a publication can be assigned to several endpoints, i.e. the sum of publications from the individual thematic points and subpoints can be greater than the total sum of actual publications.

Experimental studies on magnetic power frequency fields (50/60 Hz)

2042 studies in total
  1. 763 studies
  2. 632 studies
  3. 511 studies
  4. 413 studies
  5. 328 studies
  6. 207 studies

Cell functions

328 studies in total
  1. 122 studies
  2. 101 studies
  3. 84 studies
  4. 67 studies

Enzyme activity 84 studies in total

Authors Year Exposed system Parameters Magnetic flux density/field strength
Kwon SJ et al. 2018 - magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure -
Wasak A et al. 2019 - 50/60 Hz, magnetic field -
Lupi D et al. 2020 - electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure -
Farrell JM et al. 1997 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 4 µT
Moses GC et al. 1993 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn (eggs), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 4 µT
Moses GC et al. 1992 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn (eggs), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 4 µT
Martin AH et al. 1995 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 4 µT
Rodriguez-De la Fuente AO et al. 2012 animal, mouse/BALB/c (quadriceps muscle transfected with an EMF plasmid) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 80 µT
Kubinyi G et al. 1998 animal, mouse/CFLP (embryos and adults), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100 µT
Luo X et al. 2016 animal, mouse/ICR, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 2–10 mT
Del Carratore R et al. 1995 animal, mouse/Swiss albino and rat/Wistar, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 1.2 mT
Singh S et al. 1999 animal, mouse/Swiss albino, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 2–10 mT
Eraslan G et al. 2007 animal, mouse/albino, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 2 mT
Sieron-Stoltny K et al. 2017 animal, rat/ Wistar, whole body mobile communications, mobile phone, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency -
Yokoi I et al. 2000 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley static magnetic field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz -
Mevissen M et al. 1995 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 50 µT
Mevissen M et al. 1999 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100 µT
Falone S et al. 2008 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.1 mT
Akpolat V et al. 2009 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 1.5 mT
Mohammadi B et al. 2021 animal, rat/Wistar mobile communications, mobile phone, 50/60 Hz, magnetic field -
Tekutskaya EE et al. 2022 animal, rat/Wistar 50/60 Hz, magnetic field, low frequency -
Fedrowitz M et al. 2012 animal, rat/Wistar and Lewis, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100 µT
Nazar AS et al. 1994 bacterium, <i>Escherichia coli</i> magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 138.48 nT
Dutta SK et al. 1994 bacterium, <i>Escherichia coli</i> (containing a plasmid coding for mammalian neuron-specific enolase) RF field, AM amplitude modulation, CW continuous wave, electric field, magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 65–97 nT
Drozd R et al. 2018 bacterium, <i>Komagataeibacter xylinus</i> 50/60 Hz, magnetic field -
Cecerska-Heryć E et al. 2024 human plasma samples magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency -
Kang KI et al. 1998 intact cell/cell culture, 34i cell line (derived from C3H mouse mammary epithelial carcinoma cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 300–3,000 µT
Amaroli A et al. 2006 intact cell/cell culture, <i>Dictyostelium discoideum</i> (amoeba) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 200 µT
Valtersson U et al. 1997 intact cell/cell culture, CEM-CM3 (human acute lymphoblastic leukemia) cells and Jurkat cells (human lymphoblastoid T cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100 µT
Sun WJ et al. 2001 intact cell/cell culture, CHL (Chinese hamster lung) cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.4–0.8 mT
Kristupaitis D et al. 1998 intact cell/cell culture, DT40 (chicken lymphoma B-cells) (wild-type, LYN-deficient, SYK-deficient, PLC-gamma2-deficient clones) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 0.1 mT
Dibirdik I et al. 1998 intact cell/cell culture, DT40 (chicken lymphoma B-cells) (wild-type, LYN-deficient, SYK-deficient, PLC-gamma2-deficient clones) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100 µT
Woods M et al. 2000 intact cell/cell culture, DT40 (chicken lymphoma B-cells) and NALM-6 cells (B cell precursor leukemia cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, shielding/field deprivation 46–100 µT
Dibirdik I et al. 2000 intact cell/cell culture, DT40 (chicken lymphoma B-cells) and NALM-6 cells (B cell precursor leukemia cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, shielding/field deprivation 100 µT
Wang Y et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, FL cells (human amniotic cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.4 mT
Tuinstra R et al. 1998 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 cells (human acute myeloid leukaemia cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 1.1 mT
Monti MG et al. 1991 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 cells (human acute myeloid leukaemia cell line) magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 8 mT
Nie K et al. 2003 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 cells (human acute myeloid leukaemia cell line), MCF-7 cells (breast cancer cell line), 3Y1 cells (rat fibroblast cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, shielding/field deprivation 100 µT
Lin H et al. 2001 intact cell/cell culture, HeLa cell line (human adenocarcinoma cell line), transfected magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 8 µT
Sołek P et al. 2022 intact cell/cell culture, HeLa cells (human adenocarcinoma cell line) and DU 145 cells (human prostate cancer cell line) magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure -
Wetzel BJ et al. 2001 intact cell/cell culture, Jurkat cells (clone E6-1; T-lymphocyte hybridoma cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 100 µT
Patruno A et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, K562 cells (human erythroleukemic cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Litovitz TA et al. 1994 intact cell/cell culture, L929 cells (murine fibroblast cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line 10–100 µT
Azadniv M et al. 1995 intact cell/cell culture, L929 cells (murine fibroblast cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 10 µT
Litovitz TA et al. 1991 intact cell/cell culture, L929 cells (murine fibroblast cells) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 1–100 µT
Mullins JM et al. 1997 intact cell/cell culture, L929 cells (murine fibroblast cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 2.5–10 µT
Mullins JM et al. 1999 intact cell/cell culture, L929 cells (murine fibroblast cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1–20 µT
Cress LW et al. 1999 intact cell/cell culture, L929 cells (murine fibroblast cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, shielding/field deprivation 10 µT
Litovitz TA et al. 1997 intact cell/cell culture, L929 cells (murine fibroblast cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 10 µT
Dees C et al. 1996 intact cell/cell culture, MCF-7 and T-47D cell lines (human breast cancer cell lines) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 1.2–900 µT