Study overviews

Please note that a publication can be assigned to several endpoints, i.e. the sum of publications from the individual thematic points and subpoints can be greater than the total sum of actual publications.

Experimental studies on magnetic power frequency fields (50/60 Hz)

2043 studies in total
  1. 764 studies
  2. 632 studies
  3. 511 studies
  4. 413 studies
  5. 328 studies
  6. 207 studies

Cell functions

328 studies in total
  1. 122 studies
  2. 101 studies
  3. 84 studies
  4. 67 studies

Signal transduction 101 studies in total

Authors Year Exposed system Parameters Magnetic flux density/field strength
Aldinucci C et al. 2000 intact cell/cell culture, U-373 MG (human astrocytoma cell line) magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 3 mT
Antonia P et al. 2020 intact cell/cell culture, THP-1 cells (human monocytic leukemia cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Azanza MJ et al. 1998 intact cell/cell culture, snail neurons (<i>Helix aspersa</i>) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1–15 mT
Azanza MJ et al. 2013 isolated organ, snail neurons (<i>Helix aspersa</i>) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.02–15 mT
Bekhite MM et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, embryoid bodies made of pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells (CCE), animal, mouse/BALB/c, whole body magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, DC 1–10 mT
Calvo AC et al. 1999 intact cell/cell culture, snail neurons (<i>Helix aspersa</i>) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1–15 mT
Chen L et al. 2020 - magnetic field, 50/60 Hz -
Chen Y et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, mouse embryonic fibroblasts magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 2 mT
Cheng G et al. 2011 intact cell/cell culture, primary rat osteoblast cells magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 1.8 mT
Cho SI et al. 2012 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 1.8–2 mT
Craviso GL et al. 2003 intact cell/cell culture, bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin cells 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 10 µT–2 mT
Cui Y et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, HEK 293 cells (human embryonic kidney cell line) and cortical neurons (cultured from embryonic ICR mice) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 200 µT
Demirkazik A et al. 2019 animal, rat/ Wistar albino magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 5 mT
Dibirdik I et al. 1998 intact cell/cell culture, DT40 (chicken lymphoma B-cells) (wild-type, LYN-deficient, SYK-deficient, PLC-gamma2-deficient clones) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100 µT
Drucker-Colin R et al. 1994 intact cell/cell culture, chromaffin cells (from postnatal Wistar rat adrenal medulla) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 700 µT
Duan Y et al. 2014 animal, mouse/ICR, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 8 mT
Fathi E et al. 2017 - magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure -
Feng B et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, human amniotic epithelial cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 4 mT
Feng B et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, human amniotic cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.2–2 mT
Feng B et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, human amniotic epithelial cells (FL) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.1–0.4 mT
Frahm J et al. 2010 intact cell/cell culture, murine bone marrow-derived macrophages magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Girgert R et al. 2010 intact cell/cell culture, MCF-7 (breast cancer cell line, parental cells and cells transfected with the MT1 gene (for the membrane-bound melatonin receptor)) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1.2 µT
Golbach LA et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 and PLB-985 cells (human acute myeloid leukaemia cell lines) magnetic field, low frequency, intermediate frequency, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 5 µT–2.5 mT
He YL et al. 2013 intact cell/cell culture, granule cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.4–1 mT
Hu GL et al. 2001 intact cell/cell culture, NIH3T3 cells (mouse fibroblast cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 0.8 mT
Hu GL et al. 2002 intact cell/cell culture, CHL (Chinese hamster lung) cells magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 0.1–0.8 mT
Ikehara T et al. 2003 intact cell/cell culture, HeLa cell line (human adenocarcinoma cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 43.6 mT
Iorio R et al. 2013 intact cell/cell culture, C2C12 cells (undifferentiated mouse myoblasts) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Ishido M et al. 2001 intact cell/cell culture, MCF-7 cells (human breast cancer cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1.2–100 µT
Jia C et al. 2007 isolated bio./chem. substance, intact cell/cell culture, purified EGFR, CHL (Chinese hamster lung) cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.4 mT
Jin M et al. 2000 intact cell/cell culture, INITC3H 10T1/2 cells (derived from mouse embryo fibroblasts, transformed carcinogenically by methylcholanthrene, resulting neoplastic phenotype can be suppressed by the presence of retinyl acetate) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 300 µT
Kaszuba-Zwoinska J et al. 2012 intact cell/cell culture, Mono Mac 6 cells (human monocytes) magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 45 mT
Ke XQ et al. 2008 intact cell/cell culture, CHL (Chinese hamster lung) cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.4 mT
Kim J et al. 2012 intact cell/cell culture, HeLa cell line (human adenocarcinoma cell line) and IMR90 (human lung fibroblasts) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 2–14 mT
Kim SJ et al. 2017 intact cell/cell culture, mouse/macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency, co-exposure 0.8 mT
Kobayashi-Sun J et al. 2024 isolated organ, zebrafish and goldfisch scales, animal, zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz -
Korzh-Sleptsova IL et al. 1995 intact cell/cell culture, Jurkat cells (human lymphoblastoid T cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100–150 µT
Kristupaitis D et al. 1998 intact cell/cell culture, DT40 (chicken lymphoma B-cells) (wild-type, LYN-deficient, SYK-deficient, PLC-gamma2-deficient clones) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 0.1 mT
Lai H et al. 1999 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 50 µT–2 mT
Laszlo AM et al. 2018 - magnetic field, 50/60 Hz -
Lei Y et al. 2018 - signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, magnetic field -
Li CM et al. 1999 intact cell/cell culture, CHL (Chinese hamster lung) cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 0.05 mT
Li CM et al. 1999 intact cell/cell culture, CHL (Chinese hamster lung) cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.05–1.6 mT
Lin H et al. 1998 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human promyelocytic leukemia cells), MCF-7, T-47D, and HTB-124 cell lines (human breast cancer cell lines) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 8 µT
Lin KW et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, yeast (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>)/SB34 RF field, microwaves, electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 6 mT
Lindstrom E et al. 1998 intact cell/cell culture, Jurkat cells (T-lymphocyte hybridoma cell line; clone E6-1 wild type and four derivative clones) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100–150 µT
Lindstrom E et al. 2001 intact cell/cell culture, Jurkat cells (clone E6-1; T-lymphocyte hybridoma cell line) magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, DC 10 µT–0.1 mT
Liu DD et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, rat cerebellar granule cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 1 mT
Liu Y et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1–3 mT
Luo FL et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, neurons from the entorhinal cortex of newborn rats magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1–3 mT