The effects of mobile phone usage on inflammatory cytokine expression in the saliva produced by the parotid glands should be investigated.
Saliva samples from both parotid glands were collected from 83 healthy volunteer students (1 subject was excluded from analysis) and the cytokine expression profile was correlated with the self-reported mobile phone use. Self-reported parameters for usage were: cumulative monthly cell phone use (up to 200 min (n=48) or more than 200 minutes (n=34)), period of cell phone use (up to 10 years (n=47) or more than 10 years (n=35)) and laterality of use (right (n=75) or left ear (n=7)).
| Exposure | Parameters |
|---|---|
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Exposure 1:
Exposure duration:
up to 200 minutes per month for up to 10 years
|
- |
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Exposure 2:
Exposure duration:
up to 200 minutes per month for more than 10 years
|
- |
|
Exposure 3:
Exposure duration:
more than 200 minutes per month for up to 10 years
|
- |
|
Exposure 4:
Exposure duration:
more than 200 minutes per month for more than 10 years
|
- |
| Frequency | |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Exposure duration | up to 200 minutes per month for up to 10 years |
| Exposure source | |
|---|---|
| Setup | self-reported exposure parameters (see background) |
No parameters are specified for this exposure.
| Frequency | |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Exposure duration | up to 200 minutes per month for more than 10 years |
| Exposure source |
|
|---|
No parameters are specified for this exposure.
| Frequency | |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Exposure duration | more than 200 minutes per month for up to 10 years |
| Exposure source |
|
|---|
No parameters are specified for this exposure.
| Frequency | |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Exposure duration | more than 200 minutes per month for more than 10 years |
| Exposure source |
|
|---|
No parameters are specified for this exposure.
Protein expression of interleukin-10 was significantly decreased and protein expression of interleukin-1β and the total protein concentration were significantly increased in samples from the ipsilateral parotid gland (i.e., from the head side of prefered mobile usage) compared to the contralateral gland. Subjects who used mobile phones for more than 10 years presented a significantly higher decrease in interleukin-10 levels in the ipsilateral samples compared to ipsilateral samples from subjects who used their mobile phone for up to 10 years.
All other parameters did not show any significant correlations with the mobile phone usage.
The authors conclude that mobile phone usage might increase the expression of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-10 in the saliva produced by the ipsilateral parotid gland. The causes for these effects are unknown but may be related to heat production.
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