To investigate the effects of 50 Hz magnetic fields on cell viability in human neuroblastoma cells and the accompanying molecular mechanisms.
Experiments examining cell viability alone or combined with doxorubicin were performed with magnetic flux densities of 1 mT and 0.1 mT whereas all other experiments were only performed with 1 mT.
| Exposure | Parameters |
|---|---|
|
Exposure 1:
50 Hz
Exposure duration:
continuously for 5 or 10 days
|
|
|
Exposure 2:
50 Hz
Exposure duration:
continuously for 5 or 10 days
|
|
| Frequency | 50 Hz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Exposure duration | continuously for 5 or 10 days |
| Exposure source | |
|---|---|
| Setup | solenoids produced a homogeneous 50 Hz magnetic field; no heating due to the magnetic field was observed |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Additional info | solenoids were powered randomly to produce either exposure or sham exposure condition |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| magnetic flux density | 1 mT | - | measured | - | - |
| Frequency | 50 Hz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Exposure duration | continuously for 5 or 10 days |
| Exposure source |
|
|---|---|
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| magnetic flux density | 0.1 mT | - | measured | - | - |
The cell viability was significantly increased after exposure for 5 or 10 days to 1 mT or 0.1 mT when compared to sham exposure conditions. This effect was still significantly present after 5 days of removal of the magnetic field. The cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin was attenuated by an additional magnetic field exposure (remark EMF-Portal: unclear if significant) whereas the cytotoxic effect of H2O2 was even abolished by the magnetic field.
The level of carbonyl groups and the DNA damage were significantly reduced in exposed cell cultures (5 and 10 days) compared to the respective sham exposed cultures. The ratios of GPX/SOD (after 5 and 10 days) and CAT/SOD (after 10 days) as well as the enzyme activity of GST (after 5 and 10 days) were significantly increased in exposed cells when compared to the sham exposure.
The protein expression of SIRT1 was significantly increased after 10 days of exposure in comparison to 10 days sham exposure and 5 days exposure/sham exposure. However, the protein expression of SIRT3 was significantly increased already after 5 days of magnetic field exposure and decreased to a level similar to the sham exposure after 10 days of exposure. The protein expression of phosphorylated NRF2 was significantly increased after 5 and 10 days of exposure when compared to the respective sham exposure.
The authors conclude that exposure to a 50 Hz magnetic field promotes the cell viability of human neuroblastoma cells via an activation of redox-related cytoprotective pathways. Interestingly, such alterations were not immediately reverted when the magnetic field was switched off.
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