Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Svedenstal BM et al. | 1995 | animal, mouse/CBA/s, whole body | fetal resorption | 20 kHz | - | continuous for 5 1/2 or 7 days | magnetic field, intermediate frequency |
Li Y et al. | 2014 | animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>), whole body | hatching rate, mortality, malformation, and apoptosis | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 96 hours | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Shams Lahijani M et al. | 2009 | animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn, whole body | histopathological and ultrastructural changes in livers in chicken embryos and malformations | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 24 hr | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Lahijani MS et al. | 2011 | animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn (eggs), whole body | histopathology and apoptosis processes in chicken embryo brains, abnormalities | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 24 h before incubation | magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz |
Nishimura I et al. | 2011 | animal, rat/Crl:CD(SD), whole body | malformations of fetuses | 20 kHz | - | continuous for 22 h/day from day 7 to day 17 of gestation | magnetic field, intermediate frequency, induction cooker |
Sikov MR et al. | 1987 | animal, swine/Hanford miniatur, whole body | malformations, development, weight and size of foetuses, number, weight, size, development and health status of pups | 60 Hz | - | 20 h/day, 7 days/week | electric field, 50/60 Hz |
Lee HJ et al. | 2009 | animal, mouse/ICR, whole body | mortality and morphological abnormalities, uterine contents | 20 kHz | - | 8 h/day from day 2.5 to day 15.5 of gestation | magnetic field, intermediate frequency, occupational |
Rajendra P et al. | 2004 | animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body | neurotransmitter levels in the brain and tissue damage in chicken embryos | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 5, 10 and 15 days | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Bayat PD et al. | 2012 | animal, mouse/NMRI, whole body | number and quality of blastocysts | 50 Hz | - | continuously for 48 hours | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Severini M et al. | 2009 | animal, African clawed frog tadpoles (<i>Xenopus laevis</i>), whole body | tadpole development | 0–50 Hz | - | not reported, probably during the whole development | magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
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