Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clarke RL et al. | 1983 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | 80 W/kg | 300 s | microwaves, 2.45 GHz |
Galvin MJ et al. | 1983 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | 103.4 µW/g | 3h/day from day 4- day 20 of pregnancy | microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz |
Chazan B et al. | 1983 | animal, mouse/Swiss, whole body | embryonal, fetal, and postnatal development | 2.45 GHz | 4–18 mW/g | 2 h/day for 4 days | microwaves, CW continuous wave |
Lary JM et al. | 1983 | - | - | 100 MHz | 0.4 W/kg | 6 h 40 min /day - on gestation days 6 - 11 (total 40h) | low level microwaves, CW continuous wave |
Jensh RP et al. | 1983 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body | postnatal growth and psychophysiologic development/teratogenicity | 2.45 GHz | - | continuous, 6 h/day through gestation | microwaves, 2.45 GHz |
Jensh RP et al. | 1983 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body | teratogenicity | 2.45 GHz | 3.6–5.2 W/kg | 6 h/day during the whole pregnancy | microwaves |
Inouye M et al. | 1983 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | 1.76 W/kg | 3 h/day through 4-21 days of gestation | microwaves, 2.45 GHz |
Prasad N et al. | 1982 | animal, embryos of <i>Rana pipiens</i> (Northern leopard frog), whole body: <i>in ovo</i> | - | 30 MHz | - | - | MRI |
Jensh RP et al. | 1982 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body | neurological and neurobehavioral development/teratogenicity | 915 MHz | - | repeated daily exposure, 6 h/day from day 1 to 21 of gestation | microwaves, CW continuous wave |
Kaplan J et al. | 1982 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | 0.034–3.4 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 3 h/day, 5 days/week, for 6 months | 2.45 GHz |
Berman E et al. | 1982 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | 6–9 mW/g | 100 min./day from 6th till 14th day of gestation | microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz |
Berman E et al. | 1982 | animal, mouse/CD-1, whole body | fetus abnormalities | 2.45 GHz | 16.5 mW/g | 100 min/day from 6th-17th day of gestation | microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz |
Jensh RP et al. | 1982 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body | growth and development of the rat fetus/teratogenicity | 915 MHz | 3.57 W/kg | 6 h/day from day 1 to day 21 of gestation | microwaves, CW continuous wave |
Lary JM et al. | 1982 | - | - | 27.12 MHz | - | gestation day 1,3,5,7,9,11,13 or 15 | RF field, CW continuous wave |
Inouye M et al. | 1982 | animal, fertilized eggs of Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>), whole body | cerebellum development | 2.45 GHz | - | continuous from day 1 through day 12 of incubation | microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz |
Inouye M et al. | 1982 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | 1.3 W/kg | 3 h on day 2 or day 3 of gestation | microwaves, 2.45 GHz |
Berman E et al. | 1981 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley CD, whole body | fetus abnormalities | 2.45 GHz | 4.2 mW/g | 100 min/day for 6th to 15th day of gestation | microwaves, CW continuous wave |
Smialowicz RJ et al. | 1981 | - | - | 100 MHz | 2.8 W/kg | 4 h/day | RF field, CW continuous wave |
Nawrot PS et al. | 1981 | animal, mouse/CD-1, whole body | embryo and fetus development | 2.45 GHz | 3.9–40.2 mW/g | continuous 4h | microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz |
Lieb RJ et al. | 1980 | - | - | 27.12 MHz | - | continuous for 20 min | therapeutic/medical device |
Galvin MJ et al. | 1980 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | 4.03–16.02 mW/g | continuous | microwaves, CW continuous wave |
Fisher PD et al. | 1979 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | - | continuous; for 4 days | 2.45 GHz, microwaves, CW continuous wave, low level microwaves |
Berman E et al. | 1978 | animal, mouse/CD-1, whole body | fetus abnormalities | 2.45 GHz | 4.05 mW/g | continuous for 100 min/day for up to 17 days | microwaves, CW continuous wave |
McRee DI et al. | 1977 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | 4.03 nW/g | first 12 days of development | microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz |
Michaelson SM et al. | 1976 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | - | 1 h | microwaves, 2.45 GHz |
Liu LM et al. | 1975 | - | - | 9 GHz | - | continuous for 2 h | - |
Pyle SD et al. | 1975 | - | - | 2.7 GHz | - | - | microwaves, PW pulsed wave |
Chernovetz ME et al. | 1975 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | 38 W/kg | 10 min on the 11th, 12th, 13th or 14th day of gestation | microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz |
Dietzel F | 1975 | - | - | 27.12 MHz | - | 5 min | UHF fields, microwaves |
Hamrick PE et al. | 1975 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | - | continuous, 24 h | microwaves, 2.45 GHz |
McRee DI et al. | 1975 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | 14 nW/g | 4h/day during the first 5 days of incubation | microwaves, 2.45 GHz |
Lindauer GA et al. | 1974 | - | - | 9 GHz | - | continuous for 2 h | microwaves, CW continuous wave, PW pulsed wave |
Dietzel F et al. | 1972 | animal, partial body: abdomen | intrauterine development (teratogenic effects and mortality) | 27.12 MHz | - | continuous for approx. 10 min. (rectal temperatures of 42°C) at different days of early pregnancy | microwaves, microw. oven/heating device, therapeutic/medical device |
Carpenter RL et al. | 1971 | - | - | 10 GHz | - | continuous for 20 min | RF field, CW continuous wave, microwaves |
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