EMF-Portal | Micronuclei in the peripheral blood and bone marrow cells of rats exposed to 2450 MHz radiofrequency radiation

Micronuclei in the peripheral blood and bone marrow cells of rats exposed to 2450 MHz radiofrequency radiation med./bio.

By: Vijayalaxmi, Pickard WF, Bisht KS, Prihoda TJ, Meltz ML, LaRegina MC, Roti Roti JL, Straube WL, Moros EG

Published in: Int J Radiat Biol 2001; 77 (11): 1109-1115

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Aim of study (acc. to author)

Endpoint

Exposure

2.45 GHz

Exposure	Parameters
Exposure 1: 2,450 MHz Modulation type: CW Exposure duration: continuous for 24 h	power density: 200 W/m² (nominal) SAR: 12 W/kg mean (whole body) (nominal)

Exposure 1

Main characteristics

Frequency	2,450 MHz
Type	electromagnetic field
Charakteristic	guided field
Polarization	circular
Exposure duration	continuous for 24 h

Modulation

Modulation type	CW

Exposure setup

Exposure source	circular waveguide
Setup	Rats were placed in separate Plexiglas cages, each placed in a separate cylindrical wire mesh waveguide [Guy et al., 1979].
Sham exposure	A sham exposure was conducted.
Additional info	Control rats were kept in a holding cage at the far end of the exposure room and were injected i.p. with MMC at the end of the exposure period.

Parameters

Measurand	Value	Type	Method	Mass	Remarks
power density	200 W/m²	-	-	-	nominal
SAR	12 W/kg	mean	estimated	whole body	nominal

Measurement and calculation details

The nominal input power was translated to a nominal SAR for rats of 340 ± 13 g using a dosimetric curve of Chou et al. [1984, fig. 6]. The reflected power was verified and found to be negligible.

Reference articles

Chou CK et al. (1984): SAR in rats exposed in 2,450-MHz circularly polarized waveguides
Guy AW et al. (1979): Circularly polarized 2450 MHz waveguide system for chronic exposure of small animals to microwaves

Methods Endpoint/measurement parameters/methodology

Investigated system:

blood samples; bone marrow smear
investigation on living organism

Investigated organ system:

immune system

Time of investigation:

during exposure
after exposure

Main outcome of study (acc. to author)

Study character:

medical/biological study
experimental study
full/main study

Study funded by

Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), USA

Atli Sekeroglu Z et al. (2013): Evaluation of the cytogenotoxic damage in immature and mature rats exposed to 900 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields

Sekeroglu V et al. (2012): Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of high-frequency electromagnetic fields (GSM 1800MHz) on immature and mature rats

Vijayalaxmi (2006): Cytogenetic studies in human blood lymphocytes exposed in vitro to 2.45 GHz or 8.2 GHz radiofrequency radiation

Koyama S et al. (2004): Effects of 2.45-GHz electromagnetic fields with a wide range of SARs on micronucleus formation in CHO-K1 cells