Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Laudisi F et al. | 2012 | animal, mouse/C57BL/6, whole body: <i>in utero</i> | pregnancy outcome, number/proliferation of T-cells in thymus and spleen (peripheral T-cells), cytokine production | 2,451–2,473 MHz | 4 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day on 14 consecutive days (starting 5 days after mating, ending 1 day before expected delivery) | RF field, W-LAN/WiFi |
Sekeroglu V et al. | 2012 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body | DNA damage (chromosome aberration, micronucleus test), cytotoxicity | 1,800 MHz | 0.37–0.49 W/kg | continuous for two hours/day for 45 days | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Ait-Aissa S et al. | 2012 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | screening of immune markers (antibodies) directed against 15 different antigens related to damage and/or pathological markers | 2.45 GHz | 0–9 W/kg | continuous 2h/day, 5 days/week from day 6 to 21 of gestation (pregnant dam) and from day 1 to 35 (pups) postnatal | W-LAN/WiFi |
Guler G et al. | 2012 | animal, rabbit/New Zealand, whole body | effects on the liver of young rabbits (DNA damage and lipid peroxidation) | 1,800 MHz | 1.8 W/kg | continuous for 15 min/day on 7 days (female) or 14 days (male) | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, PW pulsed wave |
Lindholm H et al. | 2011 | human, partial body: head (right ear) | head temperature | 902.4 MHz | 0.66–4.3 W/kg | continuous for 15 min | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Sambucci M et al. | 2011 | animal, mouse/C57BL/6, whole body | immune parameters in the spleen, thymus and in the blood | 2.451–2.473 GHz | 0.08–4 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day, 5 days/week for 5 weeks, starting with the day after birth | W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz |
Aydin B et al. | 2011 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | oxidative stress in organs of the immune system (spleen, thymus, bone marrow), polymorphonuclear leukocytes and plasma | 900 MHz | 0.28–0.78 W/kg | continuous for 2h/day on 45 days | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Kayabasoglu G et al. | 2011 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body | effects on the auditory system (distortion product otoacoustic emissions) | 900–1,800 MHz | 0.851–0.934 W/kg | continuous for 6 h/day on 30 days | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Sambucci M et al. | 2010 | animal, mouse/C57BL/6, partial body: posterior part | pregnancy outcome, spleen cell number, B cell frequency, and antibody levels | 2.45–2.473 GHz | 4 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day on 14 consecutive days, starting 5 days after mating, ending one day before expected delivery | W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz |
Grigoriev YG et al. | 2010 | animal, rat/Wistar WI, whole body | teratogenic effects, immunological processes | 2,450 MHz | 0.16–9.9 W/kg | continuous for 7 hr/day, 5 days/week for 30 days | microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz |
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