Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tayefi H et al. | 2010 | animal, rat/ Wistar (embryos and neonatal rats), whole body | effects on the heart: myocardial damage (oxidative stress, apoptosis, histological evaluation) | 50 Hz | - | 4 hours/day for 7 days/week (during pregnancy and until postnatal day 20) | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Lahijani MS et al. | 2013 | animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body | effects on the spleen | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 24 hours | magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz |
Gagnon ZE et al. | 2003 | animal, mouse/Swiss Webster, whole body | embryo development | 0 Hz–25 MHz | - | exposure started on the 18th day of pregnancy; one week later, offspring was born and maintained together with their mothers for 21 days. After that, only the mothers were left to continue for another 4 weeks. | EMF general |
Komazaki S et al. | 2007 | animal, japanese fire belly newt/<i>Cynops pyrrhogaster</i> (embryo), whole body | embryo development | 50 Hz | - | 5 days | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Shi Y et al. | 2005 | animal, mouse/CD-1, whole body | embryo development (expression of embryo <i>c-fos</i> mRNA) | 50 Hz | - | continuous from gestation day 5.5 to gestation day 8.5 | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Frölen H et al. | 1993 | animal, mouse/CBA/s, whole body | embryogenesis | 20 kHz | - | 12, 14, 18, or 19 days | magnetic field, signals/pulses, intermediate frequency |
Cameron IL et al. | 1985 | animal, Japanese rice fish (<i>Oryzias latipes</i>) (embryo), whole body | embryogenesis | 60 Hz | - | continuous for 48 h | electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line |
Bayat PD et al. | 2011 | animal, mouse/NMRI, whole body | embryogenesis (spleen development) | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 10 h/day on 5 days | magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz |
Fey DP et al. | 2019 | animal, rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) (eggs and larvae), whole body | embryogenesis and development of rainbow trout larvae | 50 Hz | - | for 36 days (from eyed egg stage to approximately 26 days post hatching) | magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Krylov VV | 2010 | invertebrate, <i>Daphnia magna</i> Straus (great water flea) | embryogenesis, developmental stages, morphometric and production characteristics of adult females that developed from the exposed eggs; survival rate | 45–500 Hz | - | up to 43.70 h | magnetic field, low frequency |
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