Study overviews

Please note that a publication can be assigned to several endpoints, i.e. the sum of publications from the individual thematic points and subpoints can be greater than the total sum of actual publications.

Experimental studies on magnetic power frequency fields (50/60 Hz)

2043 studies in total
  1. Health
    764 studies
  2. DNA, proteins, and oxidative stress
    632 studies
  3. Cells
    511 studies
  4. Other
    413 studies
  5. Cell functions
    328 studies
  6. Brain
    207 studies

Other

413 studies in total
  1. Others (general)
    250 studies
  2. Effects on invertebrates
    99 studies
  3. Effects on plants
    82 studies
  4. Magnetoreception
    6 studies

Effects on invertebrates 99 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Parameters Magnetic flux density/field strength
Authors Year Exposed system Parameters Magnetic flux density/field strength
Migdał P et al. 2022 invertebrate, honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera carnica</i>) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line -
Lupi D et al. 2021 invertebrate, honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i>), whole body power transmission line, 50/60 Hz, electric field, magnetic field 1.49–2.43 µT
Greenberg B et al. 1979 invertebrate, honeybee electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line 0.44–0.71 µT
Li Y et al. 2022 invertebrate, honeybee (<i>Apis cerana</i>) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz -
Kirschvink J et al. 1997 invertebrate, honeybee (<i>Apis mellifera carnica</i>) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 1.3–1,300 µT
Koziorowska A et al. 2020 invertebrate, honeybee (<i>Apis mellifera</i> L.), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1.6 mT
Shepherd S et al. 2018 invertebrate, honeybee (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, magnetic field 20–7,000 µT
Stanojevic V et al. 2005 invertebrate, housefly (<i>Musca domestica</i> L.), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 6 mT
Regoli F et al. 2005 invertebrate, land snail (<i>Helix aspersa</i>), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line 0.5–50 µT
Thomas AW et al. 1997 invertebrate, land snail (<i>Cepaea nemoralis</i>) magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 100 µT
Prato FS et al. 1997 invertebrate, land snail (<i>Cepaea nemoralis</i>) magnetic field, static magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 39.1–282 µT
Kavaliers M et al. 1999 invertebrate, land snail (<i>Cepaea nemoralis</i>), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 141 µT
Nikolic LM et al. 2010 invertebrate, large garden snail (<i>Helix pomatia</i>) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.5 mT
Spasic S et al. 2015 invertebrate, longhorn beetle (<i>Morimus funereus</i>) magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 2 mT
Todorovic D et al. 2015 invertebrate, longhorn beetle (<i>Morimus funereus</i>), partial body: left antenna magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 2–19 mT
Wyszkowska J et al. 2023 invertebrate, mealworm beetle (<i>Tenebrio molitor</i>) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency -
El-Didamony SE et al. 2021 invertebrate, mosquito (<i>Culex pipiens</i>) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, intermediate frequency 250–1,000 mT
Gobba F et al. 2003 invertebrate, mussel/<i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i> magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 300 µT
Malagoli D et al. 2006 invertebrate, mussel/<i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i> magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100–800 µT
Ottaviani E et al. 2002 invertebrate, mussel/<i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i>, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 200–1,000 µT
Malagoli D et al. 2003 invertebrate, mussel/<i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i>, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 300–600 µT
Malagoli D et al. 2004 invertebrate, mussel/<i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i>, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 300–600 µT
Shi Z et al. 2015 invertebrate, nematode (<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.5–3 mT
Junkersdorf B et al. 2000 invertebrate, nematode (<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>)/pPCZ1 and pD2047 magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 50–200 µT
Gutzeit HO 2001 invertebrate, nematode (<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>)/pPCZI and fruit fly (<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 150 µT
Sun Y et al. 2019 invertebrate, nematode (<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>)/wild type (strain N2) 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 3 mT
Sun Y et al. 2018 invertebrate, nematode (<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>)/wild type (strain N2), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 3 mT
Wang Y et al. 2020 invertebrate, nematode (<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>)/wild type (strain N2), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 3 mT
Todorović D et al. 2020 invertebrate, nymphs of orange-spotted cockroach (<i>Blaptica dubia</i>) static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 10–110 mT
Ilijin L et al. 2021 invertebrate, nymphs of orange-spotted cockroach (<i>Blaptica dubia</i>) magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency 10–110 mT
Jenrow KA et al. 1995 invertebrate, planarian/<i>Dugesia tigrina</i> magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, DC 0–78.42 µT
Novikov VV et al. 2008 invertebrate, planarian/<i>Dugesia tigrina</i>, whole body magnetic field, static magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, DC, shielding/field deprivation 0 nT–42 µT
Belova N et al. 2007 invertebrate, plant, planarian/<i>Girardia tigrina</i> and flax (<i>Linum usitatissimum</i>) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 0.1–140 µT
Levin M et al. 1995 invertebrate, sea urchin (<i>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</i>) (embryo) magnetic field, static magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, DC 2.5–8.8 mT
Zimmerman S et al. 1990 invertebrate, sea urchin (<i>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</i>) (embryo), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100 µT
Prato FS et al. 1996 invertebrate, snail (<i>Cepaea nemoralis</i>), whole body magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 78–299 µT
Prato FS et al. 1995 invertebrate, snail (<i>Cepaea nemoralis</i>), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0–547 µT
Kavaliers M et al. 1990 invertebrate, snail (<i>Cepaea nemoralis</i>), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100 µT
Kavaliers M et al. 1993 invertebrate, snail (<i>Cepaea nemoralis</i>), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100 µT
Kavaliers M et al. 1998 invertebrate, snail (<i>Cepaea nemoralis</i>), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 141 µT
Prato FS et al. 2000 invertebrate, snail (<i>Cepaea nemoralis</i>), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 38–414 µT
Kavaliers M et al. 1991 invertebrate, snail (<i>Cepaea nemoralis</i>), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100 µT
Tysdale DM et al. 1991 invertebrate, snail (<i>Cepaea nemoralis</i>), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100 µT
Child SZ et al. 1992 invertebrate, snail (<i>Hilicella caperata</i>), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100 µT
Jenrow KA et al. 1996 invertebrate, turbellarian, flatworm/<i>Dugesia tigrina</i>, whole body magnetic field, static magnetic field, geomagnetic field, 50/60 Hz, DC 0.01–78.42 µT
Albert L et al. 2023 invertebrate, velvet crab (<i>Necora puber</i>) magnetic field, DC, 50/60 Hz, underground cable, static magnetic field, high-voltage direct current (HVDC) -
Jankowska M et al. 2015 isolated nerve, American cockroach (<i>Periplaneta americana</i>), animal, American cockroach (<i>Periplaneta americana</i>), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 0.7–7 mT
Jankowska M et al. 2021 isolated organ, invertebrate, American cockroach (<i>Periplaneta americana</i>) 50/60 Hz, magnetic field, also other exposures without EMF 7 mT
Fedele G et al. 2014 tissue slices, brain slices from the suprachiasmatic nucleus, mouse/<i>Per2:Luc</i>, invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>/wildtype (Canton-S) and cryptochrome mutants (cry<sup>02</sup>, tim>cry, tim>cryW342F;cry<sup>02</sup>, tim>cry&Delta;;cry<sup>02</sup>, tim>hCRY1;cry<sup>02</sup>, tim>hCRY2;cry<sup>02</sup>), whole body magnetic field, static magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 50–1,000 µT