Medical/biological study (experimental study)

Frequency of micronuclei in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of cancer-prone mice chronically exposed to 2450 MHz radiofrequency radiation med./bio.

By: Vijayalaxmi, Frei MR, Dusch SJ, Guel V, Meltz ML, Jauchem JR

Published in: Radiat Res 1997; 147 (4): 495-500

Exposure	Parameters
Exposure 1: 2,450 MHz Modulation type: CW Exposure duration: repeated daily exposure, 20 h/day, for 18 months	SAR: 1 W/kg average over mass (whole body)

Exposure 1

Main characteristics

Frequency	2,450 MHz
Type	electromagnetic field
Charakteristic	guided field
Polarization	circular
Exposure duration	repeated daily exposure, 20 h/day, for 18 months

Modulation

Modulation type	CW

Exposure setup

Exposure source	circular waveguide
Chamber	one Plexiglas cage per waveguide housing two mice with 143 cm² floor area per mouse
Sham exposure	A sham exposure was conducted.
Additional info	Animals were divided into two groups of 100 each that were RF or sham exposed. Surviving sentinel mice were treated i.p. with MMC as a positive control 24 h before necropsy.

Parameters

Measurand	Value	Type	Method	Mass	Remarks
SAR	1 W/kg	average over mass	measured	whole body	-

Measurement and calculation details

The SAR was determined by power loss measurement and by Dewar-flask calorimetry. The RF power level was monitored at the amplifier output and for one day every 50 days also at the individual waveguides using a power meter connected to a computer system.

Exposed system:

animal
mouse/C3H/HeJ (possesses a milk-borne virus that induces mammary gland tumors)
whole body

Methods Endpoint/measurement parameters/methodology

genotoxicity/mutation: micronucleus frequency (presence of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes)
cancer: palpation for tumors
body weight

Investigated system:

peripheral blood samples, bone marrow smear
investigation on living organism

Time of investigation:

during exposure
after exposure

Main outcome of study (acc. to author)

Chronic low-level exposure of C3H/HeJ mice to 2450 MHz radiofrequency radiation did not demonstrate any genotoxicity. The results indicate that the incidence of micronuclei was not significantly different between the exposed and the sham-exposed groups. Mammary tumors were recorded in 12 of the 62 mice exposed to radiofrequency radiation and 8 of the 58 sham-exposed control mice.

Study character:

medical/biological study
experimental study
full/main study
Short Communication

Study funded by

Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), USA
Air Force, USA

Comments on this article

Vijayalaxmi et al. (1998): Correction of an error in calculation in the article "Frequency of micronuclei in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of cancer-prone mice chronically exposed to 2450 MHz radiofrequency radiation" (Radiat. Res. 147, 495-500, 1997)

Zong C et al. (2015): Adaptive response in mice exposed to 900 MHz radiofrequency fields: Bleomycin-induced DNA and oxidative damage/repair
Jiang B et al. (2013): Induction of adaptive response in mice exposed to 900MHz radiofrequency fields: application of micronucleus assay
Atli Sekeroglu Z et al. (2013): Evaluation of the cytogenotoxic damage in immature and mature rats exposed to 900 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields
Sekeroglu V et al. (2012): Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of high-frequency electromagnetic fields (GSM 1800MHz) on immature and mature rats
Ziemann C et al. (2009): Absence of genotoxic potential of 902 MHz (GSM) and 1747 MHz (DCS) wireless communication signals: In vivo two-year bioassay in B6C3F1 mice
Koyama S et al. (2004): Effects of 2.45-GHz electromagnetic fields with a wide range of SARs on micronucleus formation in CHO-K1 cells