Medical/biological study (experimental study)

Effects of third generation mobile phone-emitted electromagnetic radiation on oxidative stress parameters in eye tissue and blood of rats med./bio.

By: Demirel S, Doganay S, Turkoz Y, Dogan Z, Turan B, Firat PG

Published in: Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2012; 31 (2): 89-94

Aim of study (acc. to author)

The effects of electromagnetic fields emitted by a mobile phone on oxidative stress parameters in eye tissue and blood of rats should be investigated.

Background/further details

Rats were randomly divided into a control group and an exposure group (n=9 per group).

Endpoint

oxidative stress in eye tissue and serum

Exposure

- 1.9–2.2 GHz
- mobile communications
- mobile phone

Exposure	Parameters
Exposure 1: 1.9–2.2 GHz Exposure duration: continuous for 40 min/day from the 2nd to the 21st day exposure group	SAR: 0.5 W/kg
Exposure 2: 1.9–2.2 GHz Exposure duration: continuous for 40 min/day from the 2nd to the 21st day control group	-

Exposure 1

Main characteristics

Frequency	1.9–2.2 GHz
Type	electromagnetic field
Exposure duration	continuous for 40 min/day from the 2nd to the 21st day
Additional info	exposure group

Exposure setup

Exposure source	cellular phone Nokia N-70 mobile phone with GPRS and EGPRS in speaking mode
Setup	during exposure, rats were kept in two 40 cm x 30 cm x 15 cm polypropylene cages without wood-chip bedding, placed 10 m apart; under each cage a recorder and a mobile phone was placed: for the first 20 min recorder B was turned off, recorder A was turned on and the recorded speech transmitted via phone A to phone B; during the second 20 min recorder A was turned off, recorder B was turned on and the recorded speech was transmitted via phone B to phone A; except from exposure, mobile phone was kept in standby mode for the rest of the day
Additional info	batteries were charged continuously

Parameters

Measurand	Value	Type	Method	Mass	Remarks
SAR	0.5 W/kg	-	-	-	-

Exposure 2

Main characteristics

Frequency	1.9–2.2 GHz
Type	electromagnetic field
Exposure duration	continuous for 40 min/day from the 2nd to the 21st day
Additional info	control group

Exposure setup

Exposure source	cellular phone Nokia N-70 mobile phone with GPRS and EGPRS in standby mode
Setup	rats were kept in two 40 cm x 30 cm x 15 cm polypropylene cages without wood-chip bedding, placed 10 m apart; under each cage a recorder and a mobile phone was placed: for the first 20 min recorder B was turned off, recorder A was turned on; during the second 20 min recorder A was turned off, recorder B was turned on; mobile phones in standby mode; no speech transmitted; batteries were charged continuously
Additional info	batteries were charged continuously

Parameters

No parameters are specified for this exposure.

Exposed system:

animal
rat/Wistar albino
whole body

Methods Endpoint/measurement parameters/methodology

oxidative stress in eye tissue: enzyme activity of catalase and glutathione peroxidase (spectrophotometry), protein concentration (Lowry assay); oxidative stress in serum: level of glutathione (spectrophotometry), lipid peroxidation (level of malondialdehyde via thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, spectrophotometry)

Investigated system:

eye tissue (expect lens), blood serum

Time of investigation:

after exposure

Main outcome of study (acc. to author)

No significant differences between the control group and the exposure group were observed.
The authors conclude that electromagnetic fields emitted by a mobile phone do not induce oxidative stress in the eye tissue and blood of rats.

Study character:

medical/biological study
experimental study
full/main study
blind study

Study funded by

not stated/no funding

Bodera P et al. (2015): Influence of electromagnetic field (1800 MHz) on lipid peroxidation in brain, blood, liver and kidney in rats
Tok L et al. (2014): Effects of melatonin on Wi-Fi-induced oxidative stress in lens of rats
Marzook EM et al. (2014): Protective role of sesame oil against mobile base station-induced oxidative stress
Gürler HS et al. (2014): Increased DNA oxidation (8-OHdG) and protein oxidation (AOPP) by Low level electromagnetic field (2.45 GHz) in rat brain and protective effect of garlic
Jelodar G et al. (2013): The prophylactic effect of vitamin C on oxidative stress indexes in rat eyes following exposure to radiofrequency wave generated by a BTS antenna model
Bilgici B et al. (2013): Effect of 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation on oxidative stress in rat brain and serum
Ni S et al. (2013): Study of Oxidative Stress in Human Lens Epithelial Cells Exposed to 1.8 GHz Radiofrequency Fields
Avci B et al. (2012): Oxidative stress induced by 1.8 GHz radio frequency electromagnetic radiation and effects of garlic extract in rats
Balci M et al. (2007): Effects of mobile phones on oxidant/antioxidant balance in cornea and lens of rats
Özgüner F et al. (2006): Protective effects of melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester against retinal oxidative stress in long-term use of mobile phone: a comparative study
Yurekli AI et al. (2006): GSM base station electromagnetic radiation and oxidative stress in rats

Effects of third generation mobile phone-emitted electromagnetic radiation on oxidative stress parameters in eye tissue and blood of rats med./bio.

Aim of study (acc. to author)

Background/further details

Endpoint

Exposure

Exposure 1

Main characteristics

Exposure setup

Parameters

Exposure 2

Main characteristics

Exposure setup

Parameters

Methods Endpoint/measurement parameters/methodology

Main outcome of study (acc. to author)

Study funded by

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