The background of the study was the question whether the pineal gland can be influenced directly by ELFMF or rather indirectly, e.g., via the retina. N-acetyltransferanse is necessary for the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. A total of 48 rats were sacrificed under a dim red light 6 h after the beginning of the dark period, which corresponds to the expected peak time of N-acetyltransferase enzyme activity. Their pineal glands were removed and transfered into test tubes. Afterwards the pineal glands were assigned to the following groups: exposure to a magnetic flux density of 1) 10 µT, 2) 100 µT 3) 1,000 µT or 4) sham exposure. Each of these groups contained 6 glands and further 6 glands were used as a separate control group for each of these groups, respectively.
a circular solenoid of 425 turns in five layers (85 turns in each layer), 200 mm in diameter and 200 mm in height; the test tubes were introduced into a vessel filled with water inside the coil; the exposed glands and the controls were kept at 37 ± 0.5°C by a system of circulating water; no metallic element was used at a distance less than 2 m; the control groups were incubated in a similar system but without the coil, located 2 m from the exposure system
Dyche J et al.
(2012):
Effects of power frequency electromagnetic fields on melatonin and sleep in the rat
Kumlin T et al.
(2005):
Exposure to a 50-Hz Magnetic Field Induces a Circadian Rhythm in 6-hydroxymelatonin Sulfate Excretion in Mice
Lewy H et al.
(2003):
Magnetic field (50 Hz) increases N-acetyltransferase, hydroxy-indole-O-methyltransferase activity and melatonin release through an indirect pathway
Youngstedt SD et al.
(2002):
No association of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin with in-bed 60-Hz magnetic field exposure or illumination level among older adults
Bakos J et al.
(2002):
One week of exposure to 50 Hz, vertical magnetic field does not reduce urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin excretion of male wistar rats
de Bruyn L et al.
(2001):
The influence of long-term exposure of mice to randomly varied power frequency magnetic fields on their nocturnal melatonin secretion patterns
Bakos J et al.
(1999):
Urinary 6-Sulphatoxymelatonin Excretion of Rats is not Changed by 24 Hours of Exposure to A Horizontal 50-Hz, 100-μT Magnetic Field
Selmaoui B et al.
(1999):
Age-related differences in serum melatonin and pineal NAT activity and in the response of rat pineal to a 50-Hz magnetic field
Heikkinen P et al.
(1999):
Chronic exposure to 50-Hz magnetic fields or 900-MHz electromagnetic fields does not alter nocturnal 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate secretion in CBA/S mice
Yellon SM et al.
(1998):
Melatonin rhythm onset in the adult siberian hamster: influence of photoperiod but not 60-Hz magnetic field exposure on melatonin content in the pineal gland and in circulation
Loscher W et al.
(1998):
Exposure of female rats to a 100-microT 50 Hz magnetic field does not induce consistent changes in nocturnal levels of melatonin
Bakos J et al.
(1997):
Urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin excretion is increased in rats after 24 hours of exposure to vertical 50 Hz, 100 microT magnetic field
Selmaoui B et al.
(1995):
Sinusoidal 50-Hz magnetic fields depress rat pineal NAT activity and serum melatonin. Role of duration and intensity of exposure
Bakos J et al.
(1995):
Sinusoidal 50 Hz, 500 microT magnetic field has no acute effect on urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin in Wistar rats
Loscher W et al.
(1994):
Effects of weak alternating magnetic fields on nocturnal melatonin production and mammary carcinogenesis in rats
Yellon SM
(1994):
Acute 60 Hz magnetic field exposure effects on the melatonin rhythm in the pineal gland and circulation of the adult Djungarian hamster
Kato M et al.
(1994):
Horizontal or vertical 50-Hz, 1-microT magnetic fields have no effect on pineal gland or plasma melatonin concentration of albino rats
Kato M et al.
(1994):
Circularly polarized 50-Hz magnetic field exposure reduces pineal gland and blood melatonin concentrations of Long-Evans rats
Kato M et al.
(1993):
Effects of exposure to a circularly polarized 50-Hz magnetic field on plasma and pineal melatonin levels in rats
Jentsch A et al.
(1993):
Weak magnetic fields change extinction of a conditioned reaction and daytime melatonin levels in the rat
Welker HA et al.
(1983):
Effects of an artificial magnetic field on serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin content of the rat pineal gland
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