Study overviews

Mobile phone related articles are

Please note that a publication can be assigned to several endpoints, i.e. the sum of publications from the individual thematic points and subpoints can be greater than the total sum of actual publications.

Experimental studies on mobile communications

1696 studies in total
  1. Health
    738 studies
  2. DNA, proteins, and oxidative stress
    561 studies
  3. Brain
    511 studies
  4. Cells
    220 studies
  5. Other
    204 studies
  6. Cell functions
    118 studies

Cells

220 studies in total
  1. Apoptosis/cell death
    111 studies
  2. Cell proliferation/growth
    81 studies
  3. Cell morphology
    37 studies
  4. Cell cycle
    33 studies
  5. Cell viability
    33 studies
  6. Cell differentiation
    8 studies
  7. Cell orientation
    one study

Apoptosis/cell death 111 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Sagioglou NE et al. 2016 - - 100–900 MHz - - GSM, TETRA/TETRAPOL, mobile communications, RF field, FM frequency modulation, CW continuous wave, Radio/TV transmitter, FM broadcast (UKW)
Kerimoglu G et al. 2016 - - 900 MHz - - mobile phone, mobile communications
Xu F et al. 2016 - - 1,800 MHz - - mobile phone, mobile communications
Umur AS et al. 2013 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn (eggs), whole body development of the neural tube - 0.77 W/kg standby mode for 30, 48 or 72 hours mobile phone, mobile communications
Tohidi FZ et al. 2015 animal, mouse/BALB/c - - - - mobile communications, RF field
Yinhui P et al. 2023 animal, mouse/BALB/c - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone, LTE, CDMA
Ghatei N et al. 2017 animal, mouse/BALB/c (pregnant females and young animal) - 900–1,800 MHz - - mobile communications
Kim TH et al. 2008 animal, mouse/C57BL, partial body: head effects on the brain (cell proliferation, cell death / apoptosis, distribution of neurons and glia cells) 849 MHz 1.55–7.8 W/kg repeated daily exposure, 1 h/day, 5 days/week, for 6 or 12 months digital mobile phone, PCS, CDMA, mobile communications
Kim JH et al. 2018 animal, mouse/C57BL/6 - 835 MHz - - mobile communications, RF field, CW continuous wave
Kim JH et al. 2018 animal, mouse/C57BL/6 - 835 MHz - - mobile communications, RF field
Kim JH et al. 2017 animal, mouse/C57BL/6, whole body - 835 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone
Savchenko L et al. 2023 animal, mouse/Swiss Webster - 915 MHz - - mobile communications, RF field
Shahin S et al. 2018 animal, mouse/Swiss albino - 1,800 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM
Kucukbagriacik Y et al. 2022 animal, mouse/Swiss albino - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM, RF field, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure
Meral O et al. 2016 animal, rabbit/New Zealand White - 1,800 MHz - - GSM, mobile communications, RF field
Guler G et al. 2016 animal, rabbit/New Zealand White, whole body - 1,800 MHz 18 mW/kg - GSM, mobile communications
Azadi Oskouyi E et al. 2015 animal, rabbit/New Zealand, whole body - 850–950 MHz - - mobile phone, mobile communications, FM frequency modulation
Hussein S et al. 2016 animal, rat changes and damage in the rat brain 1,800 MHz 0.6 W/kg continuous for 120 min/day for three months mobile phone, mobile communications
Er H et al. 2022 animal, rat/ Wistar albino - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM
Kesari KK et al. 2014 animal, rat/ Wistar, whole body DNA damage, protein expression, apoptosis and oxidative stress in brain 2,115 MHz 0.26–0.9 W/kg continuous for 2 hours/day for 60 days mobile phone, mobile communications
Khoshbakht S et al. 2021 animal, rat/ Wistar, whole body - 2,100 MHz - - mobile communications, 4G, LTE, RF field
Gupta SK et al. 2019 animal, rat/Charles-foster albino - 900 MHz–2.45 GHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz, RF field
Türedi S et al. 2017 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, CW continuous wave, RF field
Okatan DÖ et al. 2018 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, RF field, CW continuous wave
Bedir R et al. 2018 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley - 2,100 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, RF field
Varghese R et al. 2018 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley, whole body - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone, 2.45 GHz, W-LAN/WiFi
Yilmaz A et al. 2017 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley - 900 MHz - - mobile phone, mobile communications
Yilmaz F et al. 2008 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body apoptosis 900 MHz 0.52–3.13 W/kg repeated daily exposure, 20 min/day, for 1 month digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Odaci E et al. 2015 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body histology, apoptosis and oxidative stress in the testes 900 MHz 0.025 W/kg continuous for 1 hour/day for 30 days mobile phone, mobile communications
Koç A et al. 2013 animal, rat/Wistar - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone
Motawi TK et al. 2014 animal, rat/Wistar albino - 900 MHz - - mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Gevrek F 2018 animal, rat/Wistar albino - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone
Dasdag S et al. 2009 animal, rat/Wistar albino, partial body: head apoptosis and oxidative stress in the brain 900 MHz 0.17–0.58 W/kg continuous for 2 hr/day, 7 days/week for 10 months mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, microwaves
Köktürk S et al. 2013 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body apoptosis in the cerebellum 900 MHz - 30 min/day until rats were 80 days old mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Dogan M et al. 2012 animal, rat/Wistar, whole body brain metabolism, oxidative stress, histopathology and apoptosis in the brain 1.9 Hz–2.2 GHz - every day two times 20 min (1x talking, 1x listening mode) from day 2 to day 21 digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Sokolovic D et al. 2013 animal, rat/Wistar, whole body oxidative stress, proliferation and apoptosis in thymocytes, genotoxicity 900 MHz 0.043–0.135 W/g continuous for 4 hours/day on 20, 40 or 60 consecutive days mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
El-Swefy S et al. 2008 animal, rat/albino - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone base station, co-exposure
Cranfield CG et al. 2003 bacterium, magnetite-containing bacteria (<i>Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum</i>), nonmagnetic bacteria (<i>CC-26 strain of Proteobacteria</i>) cell mortality 1.8 GHz 2 W/kg continuous for 30 min digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Falzone N et al. 2010 human spermatozoa pro-apoptosis events in human spermatozoa (e.g. enzyme activity of caspases, externalization of phosphatidylserine, DNA strand breaks and production of reactive oxygen species) 900 MHz 2–5.7 W/kg continuous for 60 min. mobile phone, digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, PW pulsed wave
Souza LCM et al. 2014 human, partial body nuclear abnormalities 850–1,900 MHz 0.344–1.38 W/kg > 5 hours mobile phone use per week mobile phone, mobile communications
Capri M et al. 2004 intact cell/cell culture mitochondrial functionality, proliferation; cell cycle progression; spontaneous/induced apoptosis 900 MHz 70–76 mW/kg repeated daily exposure, 1 h/day during 48 h or 72 h of culture GSM, mobile communications
Belyaev IY et al. 2005 intact cell/cell culture chromatin conformation and 53BP1 foci formation (DNA damage), apoptosis 50 Hz 37 mW/kg continuous for 2 h GSM, mobile communications, microwaves, 50/60 Hz
Joubert V et al. 2007 intact cell/cell culture apoptosis 900 MHz 0.25 W/kg continuous for 24 h GSM, mobile communications
Atasoy A et al. 2009 intact cell/cell culture cell surface antigenic structures, cell viability, cell proliferation, apoptosis 450 MHz - continuous for 2 hr, 6 hr or 24 hr mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, RF field
Karaca E et al. 2012 intact cell/cell culture DNA damage (micronucleus assay), gene expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes 10.715 GHz 0.725 W/kg continuous for 6 h per day for 3 days mobile phone, mobile communications, RF field, microwaves
Choi J et al. 2020 intact cell/cell culture - 1.7 GHz - - LTE, mobile communications
Ozgur E et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture - 900–2,100 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM
Joushomme A et al. 2022 intact cell/cell culture - 1,800 MHz - - mobile communications, UMTS, GSM, LTE, 4G, CW continuous wave, PW pulsed wave, W-LAN/WiFi, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure
Jooyan N et al. 2019 intact cell/cell culture, CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells - - - - mobile communications, GSM
Jooyan N et al. 2024 intact cell/cell culture, CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure