この研究は、Wisterラット行動に対する高電力ピーク値をもつマイクロ波パルスの影響をオペラント実験で調べた。餌を受け取れるレバー押しを訓練された12匹のラットを、オペラント行動の自発頻度の強化スケジュール、すなわち、定率強化(RF)スケジュール、変動間隔(VI)スケジュール、高反応率分化強化(DRL)スケジュールに4匹づつ分けた。一定のベースライン成績を達成させた後、各動物に、1.25GHzマイクロ波(ピーク電力1MW、パルス幅10 μ秒)を10分間照射した。1発のパルスによる全身SAおよび全身SARのピーク値は、2.1 J/kgおよび0.21 MW/kgであり、繰り返しパルス数を調整して、総SA値を0.5、1.5、4.5、14 kJ/kg(対応する全身SARの時間平均は0.84、2.5、7.6、23 W/kg)に設定した。動物の体軸は電界と並行に保持した。その結果、ばく露最大値で直腸温は2.5℃上昇し、ばく露終了後13分間、全てのオペラント行動が見られなかった;反応が再開した時、直腸温上昇は1.1℃またはそれ以下に低下していた、などを報告している。
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To study behavioral effects of high-peak-power microwave pulses on rats by operant schedules and to test the hypothesis that these microwaves would result in work disruption at all rates of performance. Specifically, it was designed to study conjointly both SA (specific absorption, total doses, kJ/kg) and SAR-dependent effects of such exposure.
Rats that had been trained to press a lever to receive food pellets were assigned randomly in groups to three different schedules of reinforcement (to establish three different response patterns with differential response rates): fixed-ratio schedule, variable interval schedule, and differential-reinforcement-of-low-rates (DRL schedule). The fixed-ratio schedule requires that a set number of responses be made for each reinforcement and typically produces a high rate of responding. The variable interval schedule requires only one response for the delivery of reinforcement after a certain amount of time has elapsed. The DRL schedule requires only one response after delivery of a food pellet, but only if this response is delayed for a predetermined time period.
ばく露 | パラメータ |
---|---|
ばく露1:
1.25 GHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
ばく露時間:
continuous; 10 min
|
|
ばく露2:
1.25 GHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
ばく露時間:
continuous; 10 min
|
|
ばく露3:
1.25 GHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
ばく露時間:
continuous; 10 min
|
|
ばく露4:
1.25 GHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
ばく露時間:
continuous; 10 min
|
|
周波数 | 1.25 GHz |
---|---|
タイプ |
|
波形 |
|
特性 |
|
ばく露時間 | continuous; 10 min |
Modulation type | pulsed |
---|---|
Pulse width | 10 µs |
Rise time | 5 ns |
Additional information |
240 pulses |
ばく露の発生源/構造 | |
---|---|
チャンバの詳細 | anechoic chamber; 65° corner reflector; power gain 14.5 db |
ばく露装置の詳細 | a microwave-transparent animal holder (20 cm x 7 cm x 6.5 cm lxhxw) was used to constrain the animal inorder to keeo its body axis parallel to electric field |
測定量 | 値 | 種別 | Method | Mass | 備考 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SAR | 840 µW/g | average over time | 計算値 | whole body | 0.5 kJ/kg corresponding specific absorbion |
周波数 | 1.25 GHz |
---|---|
タイプ |
|
波形 |
|
特性 |
|
ばく露時間 | continuous; 10 min |
Modulation type | pulsed |
---|---|
Pulse width | 10 µs |
Rise time | 5 ns |
Additional information |
720 pulses |
ばく露の発生源/構造 |
|
---|
測定量 | 値 | 種別 | Method | Mass | 備考 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SAR | 2.5 mW/g | average over time | 計算値 | whole body | 1.5 kJ/kg corresponding specific absorbion |
周波数 | 1.25 GHz |
---|---|
タイプ |
|
波形 |
|
特性 |
|
ばく露時間 | continuous; 10 min |
Modulation type | pulsed |
---|---|
Pulse width | 10 µs |
Rise time | 5 ns |
Additional information |
2160 pulses |
ばく露の発生源/構造 |
|
---|
測定量 | 値 | 種別 | Method | Mass | 備考 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SAR | 7.6 mW/g | average over time | 計算値 | whole body | 4.5 kJ/kg corresponding specific absorbion |
周波数 | 1.25 GHz |
---|---|
タイプ |
|
波形 |
|
特性 |
|
ばく露時間 | continuous; 10 min |
Modulation type | pulsed |
---|---|
Pulse width | 10 µs |
Rise time | 5 ns |
Additional information |
6480 pulses |
ばく露の発生源/構造 |
|
---|
測定量 | 値 | 種別 | Method | Mass | 備考 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SAR | 23 mW/g | average over time | 計算値 | whole body | 14 kJ/kg corresponding specific absorbion |
Exposures at the highest dose caused an average colonic temperature rise of 2.5°C and these rats failed to respond at all for about 13 minutes after the irradiation. Their colonic temperatures had decreased to 1.1°C, or less, above their pre-exposure (normal) temperature level when the animals began to respond. The fixed-ratio schedule and variable interval schedule rats failed to reach their baseline levels of performance thereafter, while those on the DRL schedule (differential-reinforcement-of-low-rates) schedule displayed variable effects. No behavioral effects were observed at the lower dose levels. The authors concluded that the behavioral perturbations produced by pulsed microwave irradiation were thermal in nature.
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