この研究は、3-ニトロプロピオン酸（3-NP）の投与およびパルス化マイクロ波へのばく露を受けたSprague-Dawley雄ラットの背外側尾状核被殻における中型有棘神経細胞の超微細構造への影響を調べた。ラットには、3-NP（0または10 mg / kg）を1日2回腹腔内投与し、それぞれ投与の1.5時間後に全身平均SARが0（擬似ばく露）、0.6、または6 W / kg で、30分間のマイクロ波ばく露を与えた。ばく露したパルス化1.25 GHzマイクロ波のパルス幅は5.9 μs、パルス繰り返し周波数は10 Hzであった。2回目のばく露または擬似ばく露終了から2〜3時間後に組織標本を採取した。その結果、光学顕微鏡法では、組織標本に損傷は見られなかった；同じ標本から無作為に選択されたニューロンの超微細構造のブラインド化された定性評価により、差異が検出された；その後の詳細な定量的測定により、3-NPの投与後の擬似ばく露では、小胞体（ER）の槽内の幅、ER面積密度、核膜の厚さが有意に増加した；6 W / kgマイクロ波ばく露のみの場合も、これらの測定値は有意に増加した；3-NP投与＋6 W / kgばく露の場合、3-NPによる超微細構造への影響のさらなる増加が有意であった；0.6 W / kgマイクロ波ばく露のみの場合、超微細構造測定に影響しなかったが、3-NP投与＋0.6 W / kgばく露の場合、3-NPによる影響を減少させた、と報告している。
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3-nitropropionic acid irreversibly inhibits succinate dehydrogenase in the brain. This reduces production of adenosine triphosphate and the resulting interruption in energy metabolism can trigger oxidative stress, nitric oxide production and NMDA receptor activation consequently lead to neuronal cell death.
Rats were given doses of 10 mg/kg 3-nitropropionic acid and 1.5 h after were exposed to microwave irradiation.
Tissue samples showed no injury with light microscope methods. Assessment of ultrastructure of randomly selected neurons from the same samples did reveal differences. Administration of 3-nitropropionic acid significantly increased endoplasmic reticulum intracisternal width, endoplasmic reticulum area density, and nuclear envelope thickness. Microwave irradiation at 6 W/kg alone also significantly increased these measures. Exposure of 3-nitropropionic acid treated rats at 6 W/kg significantly increased effects of 3-nitropropionic acid on ultrastructure. Although irradiation at 0.6 W/kg alone did not affect ultrastructure measures, exposure of 3-nitropropionic acid treated rats at 0.6 W/kg reduced the effects of 3-nitropropionic acid.
The authors concluded that 3-nitropropionic acid changed neuronal ultrastructure and that the microwave exposures used here altered neuronal ultrastructure in ways that depended on microwave SAR and neuron metabolic status. The apparent cancellation of 3-nitropropionic acid induced changes by exposure to pulsed microwaves at 0.6 W/kg indicated the possibility that such irradiation can protect against the effects of mitochondrial toxins on the nervous system.
