Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

840 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    308 studies
  2. Other
    295 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Other

295 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    143 studies
  2. Low frequency
    109 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    55 studies

Radio frequency 143 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Ozorak A et al. 2013 animal, rat/Wistar albino (<i>in utero</i> and young animals), whole body oxidative stress (kidney and testis) and level of trace elements (kidney) 900 MHz 0.18–1.2 W/kg 60 min/day (5 days/week) during gestation and up to 6 weeks following delivery mobile phone, mobile communications, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz
Cetin H et al. 2014 animal, rat/Wistar albino (<i>in utero</i> and young animals), whole body oxidative stress and concentration of diverse chemical elements (see methods) in brain and liver of young rats 900 MHz 0.001–1.1 W/kg 1 hour per day, starting <i>in utero</i> until the age of 4, 5, or 6 weeks mobile phone, mobile communications
Hanci H et al. 2015 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley, whole body oxidative stress and histology of spleen and thymus 900 MHz 0.025 W/kg continuous for 1 hour/day between days 13 and 21 of pregnancy mobile phone, mobile communications
Turedi S et al. 2015 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley, whole body oxidative stress and histology of the heart 900 MHz 0.025 W/kg continuous for 1 hour/day from day 13 to 21 of pregnancy mobile phone, mobile communications
Aydin B et al. 2011 animal, rat/Wistar, whole body oxidative stress in organs of the immune system (spleen, thymus, bone marrow), polymorphonuclear leukocytes and plasma 900 MHz 0.28–0.78 W/kg continuous for 2h/day on 45 days mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Furtado-Filho OV et al. 2014 animal, rat (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>) (embryo and young animal), whole body oxidative stress in the liver 950 MHz 0.01–0.88 W/kg 30 minutes/day for 21 days during pregnancy UHF fields
Tomruk A et al. 2010 animal, rabbit/New Zealand White, whole body oxidative stress induced liver damage (hepato-toxicity: DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and malondialdehyde level) 1,800 MHz - continuous for 15 min/day on 7 days digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, PW pulsed wave
Laudisi F et al. 2012 animal, mouse/C57BL/6, whole body: <i>in utero</i> pregnancy outcome, number/proliferation of T-cells in thymus and spleen (peripheral T-cells), cytokine production 2,451–2,473 MHz 4 W/kg continuous for 2 h/day on 14 consecutive days (starting 5 days after mating, ending 1 day before expected delivery) RF field, W-LAN/WiFi
Sambucci M et al. 2010 animal, mouse/C57BL/6, partial body: posterior part pregnancy outcome, spleen cell number, B cell frequency, and antibody levels 2.45–2.473 GHz 4 W/kg continuous for 2 h/day on 14 consecutive days, starting 5 days after mating, ending one day before expected delivery W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz
Ait-Aissa S et al. 2012 animal, rat/Wistar, whole body screening of immune markers (antibodies) directed against 15 different antigens related to damage and/or pathological markers 2.45 GHz 0–9 W/kg continuous 2h/day, 5 days/week from day 6 to 21 of gestation (pregnant dam) and from day 1 to 35 (pups) postnatal W-LAN/WiFi
Vozeh F et al. 2007 animal, mouse/Lurcher mutant and wild type (derived of the two strains C3H and B6CBA), whole body spatial learning ability, motor functions, CNS excitability, development of body weight 870 MHz 0.05–1.44 mW/g repeated daily exposure, 2.5 h/day, for 21 days RF field
Di Carlo A et al. 2002 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn, whole body stress response (HSP70 induction), hypoxia 60 Hz 1.7 W/kg continuous for 30 min or 4 days, or repeated daily exposure for 20, 30 or 60 min, once or twice daily, for 4 days microwaves, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Finnie JW et al. 2009 animal, mouse/BALB/c, whole body stress response (induction of heat shock proteins) in fetal brain 900 MHz 4 W/kg 60 min/day from day 1 to day 19 of gestation mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, PW pulsed wave
Thalau HP et al. 2003 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn, whole body temperature changes 1.25 GHz - 1 to 2 h per day for 21 days RF field
de Gannes FP et al. 2009 animal, rat/Wistar WI, whole body teratogenic effects, immunological processes 2,450 MHz 0.16 W/kg continuous for 7 hr/day, 5 days/week, for 30 days microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Grigoriev YG et al. 2010 animal, rat/Wistar WI, whole body teratogenic effects, immunological processes 2,450 MHz 0.16–9.9 W/kg continuous for 7 hr/day, 5 days/week for 30 days microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Spiers DE et al. 1987 animal, rat/albino (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>), whole body thermoragulatory responses 2.45 GHz - 4h/day for 10 days microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Mathur R 2008 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body threshold of pain, nociceptive behavior 73.5 MHz 0.4 W/kg 2 h/day for 45 days RF field, AM amplitude modulation