EMF-Portal | Study overviews

Authors	Year	Exposed system	Endpoints	Frequency range	SAR	Exposure duration	Parameters
Huang TQ et al.	2008	intact cell/cell culture, HEI-OC1 cells (immortalized mouse auditory hair cells)	cell cycle, DNA damage, stress response, and gene expression	1,763 MHz	20 W/kg	continuous for 24 h and 48 h	mobile communications, mobile phone, CDMA
Wang X et al.	2015	intact cell/cell culture, Neuro-2a (mouse neuroblastoma) cells	DNA damage, oxidative stress and cell viability	900 MHz	0.5–2 W/kg	continuous for 24 hours	mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, co-exposure
Bourthoumieu S et al.	2010	intact cell/cell culture, amniotic cells	chromosomal damage, chromosome aberrations	900 MHz	0.25–2 W/kg	continuous for 24 hr	mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Pesnya DS et al.	2013	plant, <i>Allium ceps</i> (bulbs)	-	890–915 MHz	1.4 W/kg	continuous for 3 h/day on 3 days	digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, PW pulsed wave, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure
Tice RR et al.	2002	intact cell/cell culture	DNA and chromosomal damage	837 MHz	1–10 W/kg	continuous for 3 or 24 h	GSM, CDMA, TDMA, mobile communications
Bisht KS et al.	2002	intact cell/cell culture, C3H 10T1/2 cells (derived from mouse embryo fibroblasts)	formation of micronuclei	835.62 MHz	3.2–5.1 W/kg	continuous for 3, 8,16, or 24 h	CDMA, FDMA, mobile communications
Gajski G et al.	2009	whole blood samples	DNA damage and protective effect of honeybee venom	915 MHz	0.6 W/kg	continuous for 30 min	mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, microwaves
Hintzsche H et al.	2012	intact cell/cell culture, HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes) and human-hamster hybrid (A<sub>L</sub>) cells	genomic damage and mitotic disturbances	900 MHz	-	continuous for 30 min (both cell types) or 22 h (A<sub>L</sub> cells only)	digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, microwaves, CW continuous wave, PW pulsed wave
Sarimov R et al.	2004	intact cell/cell culture	chromatin conformation	895–915 MHz	5.4 mW/kg	continuous for 30 min or 1 h	GSM, mobile communications, microwaves
Gurbuz N et al.	2014	animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body	micronucleus formation in exfoliated bladder cells	1,800 MHz	0.23 W/kg	continuous for 30 minutes/day, 6 days/week for 1 or 2 months	GSM, mobile communications
Zong C et al.	2015	animal, mouse/ICR, whole body	DNA damage in leukocytes, oxidative stress and antioxidative status in plasma, liver and lung	900 MHz	50 mW/kg	continuous for 4 h/day for 7 days	mobile communications, RF field, CW continuous wave, co-exposure
Jiang B et al.	2012	animal, mouse/ICR, whole body	DNA damage (alkali labile sites and DNA single-strand breaks)	900 MHz	548 mW/kg	continuous for 4 hours/day for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days	mobile communications, RF field, wireless transmitter, co-exposure
Diem E et al.	2005	intact cell/cell culture, GFSH-R17 (transformed rat granulosa cells) and human diploid fibroblasts	DNA single-strand breaks and double-strand breaks	1,800 MHz	1.2–2 W/kg	continuous for 4, 16 and 24 h	GSM, mobile communications
Hekmat A et al.	2013	DNA/RNA	DNA structure	940 MHz	40 mW/kg	continuous for 45 minutes	mobile phone, mobile communications, RF field
Chang SK et al.	2005	bacterium, <i>Escherichia coli</i>/WP2uvrA; <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>/TA 98, TA 100, TA 102, TA 1535 and TA 1537	occurrency of revertants, DNA stability	835 MHz	4 W/kg	continuous for 48 h	mobile communications, mobile phone, CDMA
Antonopoulos A et al.	1998	intact cell/cell culture	frequency of sister-chromatid exchange, velocity of cell cycle	380 MHz	82.9–1,700 mW/kg	continuous for 48, 52, 56, 64, and 68 h	mobile communications, GSM
Karaca E et al.	2012	intact cell/cell culture	DNA damage (micronucleus assay), gene expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes	10.715 GHz	0.725 W/kg	continuous for 6 h per day for 3 days	mobile phone, mobile communications, RF field, microwaves
Esmekaya MA et al.	2011	intact cell/cell culture, human peripheral blood lymphocytes	mutation rate, cell viability and cell morphology of human peripheral blood lymphocytes	1.8 GHz	0.21 W/kg	continuous for 6, 8, 12 and 48 h	digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, microwaves, PW pulsed wave, co-exposure
Eberle P et al.	1996	intact cell/cell culture	mutations in genes and chromosomes, cell proliferation	440 MHz	-	continuous for 70, 50, or 39 h	mobile communications, GSM, C-Net
Mashevich M et al.	2003	intact cell/cell culture	loss and gain of chromosome 17; aneuploidy	830 MHz	2–8.2 W/kg	continuous for 72 h	mobile communications, mobile phone
Gustavino B et al.	2016	plant, broad bean (<i>Vicia faba</i> L.) (seedlings), whole body	micronuclei in secondary root tips	915 MHz	0.4–1.6 W/kg	continuous for 72 hours	mobile phone, mobile communications, CW continuous wave
Hansen V et al.	1996	DNA/RNA, bacterium, virus/bacteriophages, <i>Escherichia coli</i>/WP2, WP2uvrA, W575	effects on biological material (enzyme activity, survival of bacteriophages, and DNA damage)	900 MHz	11.75–87 mW/kg	continuous for about 100 days or about 30 days	GSM, mobile communications
Sekeroglu V et al.	2012	animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body	DNA damage (chromosome aberration, micronucleus test), cytotoxicity	1,800 MHz	0.37–0.49 W/kg	continuous for two hours/day for 45 days	mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Zhijian C et al.	2010	intact cell/cell culture, HMy2.CIR (human B-cell lymphoblastoid cells)	DNA damage and DNA repair	1.8 GHz	2 W/kg	continuous for up to 28 h	GSM, mobile communications, RF field, PW pulsed wave
Liu C et al.	2013	intact cell/cell culture, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line)	DNA damage, oxidative stress	1,800 MHz	1–4 W/kg	intermittent (5 min on, 10 min off) for 24 hours	mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications

Study overviews

Experimental studies on mobile communications

DNA, proteins, and oxidative stress

Genotoxicity 198 studies in total