To study whether 1.8 GHz radiofrequency irradiation (2 W/kg) can influence DNA repair in human B cell lymphoblastoid cells exposed to doxorubicin (at the doses of 0 µg/ml, 0.05 µg/ml, 0.075 µg/ml, 0.10 µg/ml, 0.15 µg/ml and 0.20 µg/ml).
Five types of combinative exposures of radiofrequency plus doxorubicin were tested: 1) radiofrequency exposure (2 h) before, during and for 6 h, 12 h, 18 h and 24 h after doxorubicin exposure, 2) radiofrequency exposure before and for 6 h, 12 h, 18 h and 24 h after doxorubicin exposure, 3) radiofrequency exposure during and for 6 h, 12 h, 18 h and 24 h after doxorubicin exposure, 4) radiofrequency exposure for 6 h, 12 h, 18 h and 24 h after doxorubicin exposure, 5) sham exposure before, during and after doxorubicin exposure.
DNA damage was detected at 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 18 h and 24 h after exposure to doxorubicin.
Cells were treated in five groups: i) EMF exposure before (2 h), during (2h) and after (6 h, 12 h, 18 hr, 24 h) exposure to DOX ii) EMF exposure before (2 h) and after (6 h, 12 h, 18 h, 24 h) exposure to DOX iii) EMF exposure during (2h) and after (6 h, 12 h, 18 h, 24 h) exposure to DOX iv) EMF exposure after (6 h, 12 h, 18 h, 24 h) exposure to DOX vi) Sham exposure before (2 h), during (2 h) and after (6 h, 12 h, 18 h, 24 h) exposure to DOX
| Frequency | 1.8 GHz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Exposure duration | continuous for up to 28 h |
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Duty cycle | 12.5 % |
| Repetition frequency | 217 Hz |
| Pulse type | rectangular |
| Exposure source | |
|---|---|
| Setup | probes put inside the waveguide which was placed inside an incubator; dishes positioned in the H-field maximum of the standing wave |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAR | 2 W/kg | - | - | - | - |
The data showed that 1) radiofrequency exposure could not directly induce DNA damage of human B cell lymphoblastoid cells; 2) doxorubicin could significantly induce DNA damage of the lymphoblastoid cells with the dose-response relationship, and there were special DNA repair characteristics of DNA damage induced by doxorubicin; 3) combinative exposure (type 1: exposure to radiofrequency for 2 h, then simultaneous exposure to radiofrequency and doxorubicin, and exposure to radiofrequency for 6 h, 12 h, 18 h and 24 h after exposure to doxorubicin) could obviously influence DNA repair at six and twelve hours after exposure to doxorubicin for four doxorubicin doses (0.075 µg/ml, 0.10 µg/ml, 0.15 µg/ml and 0.20 µg/ml).
The authors conclude, that the data indicate that 1.8 GHz radiofrequency exposure (2 W/kg) did not induce DNA damage directly but may influence the DNA repair of the DNA damage induced by doxorubicin to some extent.
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