Study overviews

Please note that a publication can be assigned to several endpoints, i.e. the sum of publications from the individual thematic points and subpoints can be greater than the total sum of actual publications.

Experimental studies on magnetic power frequency fields (50/60 Hz)

2042 studies in total
  1. 763 studies
  2. 632 studies
  3. 511 studies
  4. 413 studies
  5. 328 studies
  6. 207 studies

Cell functions

328 studies in total
  1. 122 studies
  2. 101 studies
  3. 84 studies
  4. 67 studies

(Intracellular) calcium concentration 67 studies in total

Authors Year Exposed system Parameters Magnetic flux density/field strength
Craviso GL et al. 2003 intact cell/cell culture, bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin cells 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 10 µT–2 mT
Kim HJ et al. 2013 intact cell/cell culture, mesenchymal bone marrow stem cells 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 1 mT
Yang X et al. 2019 intact cell/cell culture, FL cells (human amniotic cells) 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 0.4 mT
Özgün A et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 1 mT
Liburdy RP 1992 intact cell/cell culture, T-lymphocytes isolated from Sprague-Dawley rat thymus and human peripheral blood lymphocytes RF field, electric field, magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, MRI 64 µT–2.35 T
Ramstad S et al. 2000 bacterium, <i>Propionibacterium acnes</i> electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 200 µT
Liburdy RP 1992 intact cell/cell culture, rat lymphocytes electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 22 mT
Lyle DB et al. 1997 intact cell/cell culture, Jurkat cells (clone E6-1; T-lymphocyte hybridoma cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 150 µT
Barbier E et al. 1996 intact cell/cell culture, rat/Wistar (rat pituirary cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 50 µT
Karabakhtsian R et al. 1994 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 8 µT
Lindstrom E et al. 1993 intact cell/cell culture, Jurkat cells (human lymphoblastoid T cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100 µT
Lindstrom E et al. 1998 intact cell/cell culture, Jurkat cells (T-lymphocyte hybridoma cell line; clone E6-1 wild type and four derivative clones) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100–150 µT
Galvanovskis J et al. 1996 intact cell/cell culture, Jurkat cells (clone E6-1; T-lymphocyte hybridoma cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100 µT
Galvanovskis J et al. 1999 intact cell/cell culture, Jurkat cells (clone E6-1; T-lymphocyte hybridoma cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 50–400 µT
Lindstrom E et al. 1995 intact cell/cell culture, Jurkat cells (human lymphoblastoid T cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 64–150 µT
Korzh-Sleptsova IL et al. 1995 intact cell/cell culture, Jurkat cells (human lymphoblastoid T cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100–150 µT
Liburdy RP et al. 1993 intact cell/cell culture, rat/Sprague-Dawley (thymic lymphocytes) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 22 mT
Sisken JE et al. 2000 intact cell/cell culture, mouse/Swiss (SV40-transformed 3T3 cells, SV3T3) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.3–50 mT
Wey HE et al. 2000 intact cell/cell culture, Jurkat cells (clone E6-1; T-lymphocyte hybridoma cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 150 µT
Nishimura I et al. 1999 intact cell/cell culture, rat/Sprague Dawley SPF (thymocytes and spleenocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.1–5 mT
Craviso GL et al. 2002 intact cell/cell culture, chromaffin cells (from bovine adrenal medullas) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 10 µT–2 mT
McCreary CR et al. 2006 intact cell/cell culture, Jurkat cells (clone E6-1; T-lymphocyte hybridoma cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 78.1–100 µT
Zhou J et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, rat osteoblasts magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1.8 mT
Cui Y et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, HEK 293 cells (human embryonic kidney cell line) and cortical neurons (cultured from embryonic ICR mice) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 200 µT
Luo FL et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, neurons from the entorhinal cortex of newborn rats magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1–3 mT
Sun ZC et al. 2016 animal, mouse/C57, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Ma Q et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, embryonic neural stem cells (mouse/BALB/c) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Zhang H et al. 2017 animal, mouse/ICR magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 8 mT
Zhang Y et al. 2018 - magnetic field, 50/60 Hz -
Wu X et al. 2018 intact cell/cell culture, human amniotic epithelium cells (FL), rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.4 mT
Pazur A et al. 2009 plant, <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (equorin expressing mutant <i>Col0-1 Aeq Cy+</i>) and wild type magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, DC, static magnetic field 0.1–65.8 µT
Lee YJ et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure -
Walleczek J et al. 1990 intact cell/cell culture, rat thymocytes magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 22 T
Morgado-Valle C et al. 1998 intact cell/cell culture, chromaffin cells (from postnatal Wistar rat adrenal medulla) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 700 µT
Liu DD et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, rat cerebellar granule cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 1 mT
de Groot MW et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, PC-12 cells (pheochromocytoma cell line from rat adrenal gland) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 1–1,000 µT
Özgün A et al. 2018 - magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure -
Jedrzejczak-Silicka M et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture, L929 cells (murine fibroblast cells) and HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency 5.9–28.4 mT
Ye AF et al. 2022 intact cell/cell culture, human amniotic epithelial cells (FL) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency -
Mattsson MO et al. 2001 intact cell/cell culture, Jurkat cells (clone E6-1; T-lymphocyte hybridoma cell line) from three different sources magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, static magnetic field, shielding/field deprivation 150 µT
Lindstrom E et al. 1995 intact cell/cell culture, Jurkat cells (human lymphoblastoid T cells) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 40–150 µT
Pilger A et al. 2004 intact cell/cell culture, human diploid fibroblast cells magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Hanafy E et al. 2008 animal, guinea pig, whole body magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 0.2 mT
Morabito C et al. 2010 intact cell/cell culture, C2C12 cells (undifferentiated myoblasts and differentiated myotubes) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 0.1–1 mT
Morabito C et al. 2010 intact cell/cell culture, PC-12 cells magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 0.1–1 mT
Sert C et al. 2011 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 0.25 mT
Hwang YH et al. 2011 intact cell/cell culture, RBL-2H3 (rat basophilic leukemia cells) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 0.1–1 mT
Jung JH et al. 2017 intact cell/cell culture, human mesenchymal stem cells magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz -
Coulton LA et al. 1993 intact cell/cell culture, T-lymphocytes isolated from BALB/c mouse thymus magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, DC, static magnetic field 20.9–65.3 µT
Duong CN et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, HMO6 cells (human microglial cell line) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 0.01–1 mT