この研究は、1.8GHzのGSM無線周波電磁界（RF）がヒトの水晶体上皮細胞株（hLECs）のDNA損傷、細胞間での活性酸素種（ROS）生成、細胞周期、アポトーシスに与える影響を調べ、なおかつ、RFに電磁ノイズを重ね合わせることにより、RF誘導性の影響が阻止されるか否かを調べた。RFばく露は、SAR値1、2、3、4W/kgで、24時間断続的にばく露した。ばく露終了後、DNA損傷はアルカリコメット解析およびリン酸化ヒストン H2AX フォーカスの免疫蛍光顕微鏡法（2重鎖切断の判定）で調べた。その結果、アルカリコメット解析で調べたDNA損傷は、3W/kg群、4W/kg群で有意に増加したが、2重鎖切断は4W/kg群でのみ有意に増加した；RFに2μTの電磁界ノイズを重ね合わせた場合、これらの影響は、は全て阻止された、などを報告している。
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To study the influence of the 1.8 GHz radiofrequency fields (GSM) on DNA damage, intracellular reactive oxygen species formation, cell cycle, and apoptosis in human eye lens epithelial cells and whether the effects induced by radiofrequency could be blocked by superposing of electromagnetic noise (2 µT).
The cells were subjected to one of four exposure conditions: sham, RF irradiation (4 levels), noise MF, and RF irradiation superposed with noise MF.
| 周波数 | 1.8 GHz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| 特性 |
|
| ばく露時間 | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off, for 24 h |
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Duty cycle | 12.5 % |
| Repetition frequency | 217 Hz |
| Pulse type | rectangular |
| Additional information |
GSM signal |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|---|
| チャンバの詳細 | Two waveguides, one for RF and one for sham exposure, were placed inside a conventional incubator at 37°C with 95% air and 5% CO2. |
| ばく露装置の詳細 | Six 35-mm Petri dishes with cells in a total volume of 2 ml were placed inside the waveguide in a dish holder holding them exactly in the H-field maximum of the standing wave and were exposed simultaneously in E polarization. |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Additional information | The exposure system has been described in detail by the designer and other groups [Schönborn et al., 2001 and Diem et al., 2005]. It enabled the exposure of a monolayer of cells with less than 30% nonuniformity of SAR. |
| 周波数 | 30–90 Hz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| ばく露時間 | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off, for 24 h |
| Additional information | white noise signal |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 | |
|---|---|
| チャンバの詳細 | To generate a noise MF, both sides of the waveguides were wrapped with two rectangular Helmholtz coils at a center distance of 24 cm. |
| Additional information | The direction of the coils was the same as the circular wires in the RF waveguides, and the direction of the noise MF was consistent with the magnetic field of the RF radiation. |
| 測定量 | 値 | 種別 | Method | Mass | 備考 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 磁束密度 | 2 µT | - | - | - | "Amplitude" |
DNA damage was significantly increased after 3 W/kg and 4 W/kg irradiation, whereas the double-strand breaks were significantly increased only after 4 W/kg exposure. Significantly elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species levels were also detected in the 3 W/kg and 4 W/kg groups. After exposure to 4 W/kg for 24 hours, the cells exhibited significant G0 phase/G1 phase cell-cycle arrest. There was no detectable difference in apoptosis between the exposure and sham exposure groups.
All the effects mentioned were blocked when the radiofrequency signal was superposed with 2 µT electromagnetic noise.
In conclusion, microwave exposure induced DNA damage after G0 phase/G1 phase cell-cycle arrest did not lead to apoptosis. The increased reactive oxygen species formation observed may be associated with DNA damage. Superposed electromagnetic noise blocks microwave induced DNA damage, reactive oxygen species formation, and cell cycle arrest.
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