Study overviews

Please note that a publication can be assigned to several endpoints, i.e. the sum of publications from the individual thematic points and subpoints can be greater than the total sum of actual publications.

Experimental studies on magnetic power frequency fields (50/60 Hz)

2042 studies in total
  1. 763 studies
  2. 632 studies
  3. 511 studies
  4. 413 studies
  5. 328 studies
  6. 207 studies

Cells

511 studies in total
  1. 251 studies
  2. 125 studies
  3. 98 studies
  4. 89 studies
  5. 86 studies
  6. 67 studies
  7. 7 studies

Apoptosis/cell death 98 studies in total

Authors Year Exposed system Parameters Magnetic flux density/field strength
Ding GR et al. 2001 intact cell/cell culture, MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 5 mT
Ramazi S et al. 2023 intact cell/cell culture, MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell line) and HFF cells (human foreskin fibroblast cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure -
Masoudi-Khoram N et al. 2022 intact cell/cell culture, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 (human breast cancer cell lines) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz -
Crocetti S et al. 2013 intact cell/cell culture, MCF-7 cells (human breast cancer cell line) and MCF-10 cells (human non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cell line) and C2C12 cells (mouse myoblast cell line) magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 2–5 mT
Lazzarini R et al. 2023 intact cell/cell culture, MDA-MB-231 cells (breast cancer cell line) and MDA-MB-231 (human breast cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz -
Kaszuba-Zwoinska J et al. 2012 intact cell/cell culture, Mono Mac 6 cells (human monocytes) magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 45 mT
Jia HL et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, PC-12 cells (pheochromocytoma cell line from rat adrenal gland) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 400 µT
Zuo H et al. 2020 intact cell/cell culture, PC12 (rat pheochromocytoma cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100 µT
Benassi B et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 1 mT
Aparicio-Bautista DI et al. 2022 intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency -
Guo H et al. 2004 intact cell/cell culture, SNU cells (human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 97 mT
Schimmelpfeng J et al. 1997 intact cell/cell culture, SV40-swiss-3T3 cells (mouse fibroblast cell line) and HL-60 cells (human acute myeloid leukaemia cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 2 mT
Akbarnejad Z et al. 2017 intact cell/cell culture, U87 (human glioblastoma cell line) magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 5–10 mT
Kaszuba-Zwoinska J et al. 2010 intact cell/cell culture, U937 (human leukemic monocyte cell line) magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 45 mT
Tofani S et al. 2001 intact cell/cell culture, WiDr (colon adenocarcinoma cells), MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma cells), MRC-5 (embryonal lung cells), animal, mouse/CD-1 nu-nu (nude), whole body magnetic field, static magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, DC 300 µT–2.5 mT
Koh EK et al. 2008 intact cell/cell culture, different human prostate carcinoma cell lines (DU145, LNCaP, PC3) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line 0.2–2.5 mT
Qiu L et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, human amniotic (FL) cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.4 mT
Feng B et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, human amniotic cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.2–2 mT
Phillips JL 1986 intact cell/cell culture, human colon carcinoma cell line (Colo 205) electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.1 mT
Watson JM et al. 1998 intact cell/cell culture, human endometrial stromal fibroblasts (primary cells and ESF-I (N5) cell line) and 12 endometrial, ovarian, and prostate cancer cell lines and immortazized human ovarian epithelial cells (OV-I) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 200 µT
Amiri M et al. 2018 intact cell/cell culture, human glioblastoma cell line (U-87) 50/60 Hz, static magnetic field, magnetic field, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF -
Choi JH et al. 2022 intact cell/cell culture, human hair bulb spheroid and hair follicle cultures magnetic field, 50/60 Hz -
Verheyen GR et al. 2003 intact cell/cell culture, human lymphocytes magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 80–800 µT
Cho S et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, human lymphocytes magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 0.8 mT
Basile A et al. 2011 intact cell/cell culture, human melanoma cell lines (M14 and A375), animal, mouse/BALB/c nu/nu mic with M14 xenografts, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 30 A/m
Jung JH et al. 2017 intact cell/cell culture, human mesenchymal stem cells magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz -
Berg H 2003 intact cell/cell culture, human myeloid leukemia cell line (K-562) and human non-Hodgkin lymphoma cell line (U-937) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 8–55 mT
Yuan LQ et al. 2020 intact cell/cell culture, human nephroblastoma cell line G401, human embryonic renal epithelial cell line HEK293, human lung cancer cell line A549, human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B, human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901, human gastric epithelial cell line GES-1, human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1, human pancreatic ductal epithelial cell line HPDE6-C7, wild-type (WT) mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells, NBS1-/-MEF and MDC1-/-MEF cells static magnetic field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure -
Giorgi G et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, human neuroblastoma cell line (BE(2)C) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 1 mT
Grassi C et al. 2004 intact cell/cell culture, human neuroblastoma cell line (IMR 32) and rat pituitary (GH3) cell line magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 200–500 µT
Santini MT et al. 2003 intact cell/cell culture, human osteosarcoma cell lines (MG-63 and Saos-2) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 500 µT
Nasrabadi N et al. 2018 intact cell/cell culture, human retinal pigment epithelial cells 50/60 Hz, signals/pulses, magnetic field 1 mT
Kayhan H et al. 2020 intact cell/cell culture, human, neonatal, healthy primary dermal fibroblast and MCF7 cells (human metastatic breast cancer cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency -
Sun W et al. 2010 intact cell/cell culture, isolated villi tissue magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 0.2–0.4 mT
Podda MV et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, neural stem cells from newborn mice, animal, mouse/C57BL/6, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Khadir R et al. 1999 intact cell/cell culture, neutrophils (from human venous blood) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 0.1–44 mT
Cecconi S et al. 2000 intact cell/cell culture, ovarian follicles from mice (Swiss CD1) magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 1.5 mT
Yin C et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, primary hippocampal neurons from newborn Sprague-Dawley rats magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 8 mT
Zeng Y et al. 2017 intact cell/cell culture, primary hippocampal neurons from rat embryos 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 2 mT
Alipour M et al. 2022 intact cell/cell culture, rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells (BMSCs) static magnetic field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure -
Oda T et al. 2004 intact cell/cell culture, rat cerebellar granule cells magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 300 mT
Blumenthal NC et al. 1997 intact cell/cell culture, rat tendon fibroblasts and rat bone marrow osteoprogenitor cells (Sprague-Dawley rat) magnetic field, static magnetic field, intermediate frequency, 50/60 Hz 0.25–0.5 mT
Rajendra P et al. 2012 intact cell/cell culture, sheep primary lymphocytes 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 5–100 µT
Juszczak K et al. 2012 intact cell/cell culture, urothelial cells (primary culture from urinary bladders of female Wistar rats) magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, electrotherapy 45 mT
Mercado-Sáenz S et al. 2023 intact cell/cell culture, yeast (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>)/WS8105-1C magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF -
Panagopoulos DJ et al. 2013 invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>/Oregon-R, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.1–2.1 mT
Stankevičiūtė M et al. 2019 invertebrate, animal, rainbow trout eggs/larvae (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>), Baltic clam (<i>Limecola balthica</i>) and common ragworm (<i>Hediste diversicolor</i>), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Lopucki M et al. 2003 isolated organ, human placentae (after delivery) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 2 mT