Study overviews

Please note that a publication can be assigned to several endpoints, i.e. the sum of publications from the individual thematic points and subpoints can be greater than the total sum of actual publications.

Experimental studies on magnetic power frequency fields (50/60 Hz)

2045 studies in total
  1. 764 studies
  2. 633 studies
  3. 511 studies
  4. 414 studies
  5. 329 studies
  6. 207 studies

Other

414 studies in total
  1. 250 studies
  2. 99 studies
  3. 83 studies
  4. 6 studies

Effects on invertebrates 99 studies in total

Authors Year Exposed system Parameters Magnetic flux density/field strength
Michel A et al. 1999 invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (embryo), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure, source not given 100 µT
Migdał P et al. 2022 invertebrate, honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera carnica</i>) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line -
Mirabolghasemi G et al. 2002 invertebrate, fruit fly (<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>) (embryos and larvae) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 11 mT
Miyakawa T et al. 2001 invertebrate, <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>/PC72 (transgenic, with reporter gene construct encoding beta-galactosidase under control of <i>hsp16</i> heat shock promotor) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.5 T
Nikolic LM et al. 2010 invertebrate, large garden snail (<i>Helix pomatia</i>) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.5 mT
Novikov VV et al. 2008 invertebrate, planarian/<i>Dugesia tigrina</i>, whole body magnetic field, static magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, DC, shielding/field deprivation 0 nT–42 µT
Otaka Y et al. 1992 animal, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 500 µT–5 mT
Ottaviani E et al. 2002 invertebrate, mussel/<i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i>, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 200–1,000 µT
Panagopoulos DJ et al. 2003 invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>/Oregon-R, whole body GSM, mobile communications, PW pulsed wave, electric field, magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 0.04 µT–7 mT
Panagopoulos DJ et al. 2013 invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>/Oregon-R, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.1–2.1 mT
Piechowicz B et al. 2020 invertebrate, honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera carnica</i>) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF 1.6 mT
Portelli LA et al. 2012 invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> magnetic field, static magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, DC, co-exposure, shielding/field deprivation 0.201–42.5 µT
Prato FS et al. 1997 invertebrate, land snail (<i>Cepaea nemoralis</i>) magnetic field, static magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 39.1–282 µT
Prato FS et al. 1996 invertebrate, snail (<i>Cepaea nemoralis</i>), whole body magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 78–299 µT
Prato FS et al. 1995 invertebrate, snail (<i>Cepaea nemoralis</i>), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0–547 µT
Prato FS et al. 2000 invertebrate, snail (<i>Cepaea nemoralis</i>), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 38–414 µT
Prolic Z et al. 2003 invertebrate, beetle (<i>Morimus funereus</i>) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 2 mT
Ramirez E et al. 1983 invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (embryo and adults), whole body magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1–4.5 mT
Regoli F et al. 2005 invertebrate, land snail (<i>Helix aspersa</i>), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line 0.5–50 µT
Ryu JM et al. 2009 invertebrate, common cutworm larvae (<i>Spodoptera litura</i>) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Shepherd S et al. 2018 invertebrate, honeybee (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, magnetic field 20–7,000 µT
Shepherd S et al. 2019 invertebrate, Honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i>), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100–1,000 µT
Shepherd S et al. 2021 invertebrate, desert locust (<i>Schistocerca gregaria</i>) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency 10–7,000 µT
Shi Z et al. 2015 invertebrate, nematode (<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.5–3 mT
Spasic S et al. 2015 invertebrate, longhorn beetle (<i>Morimus funereus</i>) magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 2 mT
Stankevičiūtė M et al. 2019 invertebrate, animal, rainbow trout eggs/larvae (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>), Baltic clam (<i>Limecola balthica</i>) and common ragworm (<i>Hediste diversicolor</i>), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Stanojevic V et al. 2005 invertebrate, housefly (<i>Musca domestica</i> L.), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 6 mT
Sun Y et al. 2018 invertebrate, nematode (<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>)/wild type (strain N2), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 3 mT
Sun Y et al. 2019 invertebrate, nematode (<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>)/wild type (strain N2) 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 3 mT
Taormina B et al. 2019 invertebrate, European lobster (<i>Homarus gammarus</i>), whole body magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, DC, underground cable 225 µT
Thomas AW et al. 1997 invertebrate, land snail (<i>Cepaea nemoralis</i>) magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 100 µT
Tipping DR et al. 1999 invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 8 µT
Todorovic D et al. 2012 invertebrate, fertilized eggs of <i>Baculum extradentatum</i> (Annam walking stick) magnetic field, static magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, DC 6–320 mT
Todorovic D et al. 2015 invertebrate, longhorn beetle (<i>Morimus funereus</i>), partial body: left antenna magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 2–19 mT
Todorović D et al. 2019 invertebrate, Nymphs of orange-spotted cockroach (<i>Blaptica dubia</i>), whole body magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 10–110 mT
Todorović D et al. 2020 invertebrate, nymphs of orange-spotted cockroach (<i>Blaptica dubia</i>) static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 10–110 mT
Tysdale DM et al. 1991 invertebrate, snail (<i>Cepaea nemoralis</i>), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100 µT
Valadez-Lira JA et al. 2017 invertebrate, cabbage looper (<i>Trichoplusia ni</i>) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 2 mT
Walters E et al. 1987 invertebrate, fruit fly (<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Wang Y et al. 2020 invertebrate, nematode (<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>)/wild type (strain N2), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 3 mT
Wyszkowska J et al. 2016 invertebrate, desert locust (<i>Schistocerca gregaria</i>), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line 1–7 mT
Wyszkowska J et al. 2018 - 50/60 Hz, magnetic field -
Wyszkowska J et al. 2023 invertebrate, cricket (<i>Gryllus bimaculatus</i>) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz -
Wyszkowska J et al. 2023 invertebrate, mealworm beetle (<i>Tenebrio molitor</i>) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency -
Zagirnyak m et al. 2018 - 50/60 Hz, magnetic field, shielding/field deprivation -
Zhang M et al. 2020 - magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency -
Zhang ZY et al. 2016 invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>/wildtype (Canton-S) and mutant (w1118) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure -
Zimmerman S et al. 1990 invertebrate, sea urchin (<i>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</i>) (embryo), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 100 µT
Zmejkoski D et al. 2017 invertebrate, <i>Drosophila subobscura</i> (larvae and 1-day-old adults), whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.5 mT