研究のタイプ: 医学／生物学の研究 (experimental study)

[60 GHz放射にばく露したヒトケラチノサイト初代培養細胞における全ゲノム発現解析] med./bio.

Whole-genome expression analysis in primary human keratinocyte cell cultures exposed to 60 GHz radiation

著者: Le Quement C, Nicolas Nicolaz C, Zhadobov M, Desmots F, Sauleau R, Aubry M, Michel D, Le Drean Y
掲載誌: Bioelectromagnetics 2012; 33 (2): 147-158
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【目的】無線技術において次第に利用が進んできたミリ波（MMW）放射に対する皮膚細胞の潜在的反応を調べること。【方法】平均入射電力密度1.8mW/cm2、平均の比吸収率42.4 W/kg の60.4 GHz に、ヒトの皮膚の初代培養細胞を1、6、24時間ばく露した。これらのばく露が遺伝子発現に影響するか否かを明らかにするために大規模分析を実施した。41000個のユニークなヒトの転写物プローブセットを入れた遺伝子発現マイクロアレイを用い、真のばく露と擬似ばく露について得られたデータを比較した。【結果】遺伝子発現値についてBenjamini-Hochberg法のような厳密な統計的分析を行った場合、遺伝子発現における有意な差異は観察されなかった。しかし、マイクロアレイデータの分析にt検定を採用した場合、130個の転写物がばく露後に変化した可能性が見出された。定量的に分析するために、これらの転写物から変化の倍率が高く、かつP値が低いというベストな組み合わせをもつ24個の遺伝子を予め選択して、実時間PCRを実施した。これの内の5個（CRIP2、PLXND1、PTX3、SERPINF1、TRPV2）は6時間ばく露後に他とは違う発現をしたことが確認された。【結論】我々が知る限り、これはMMW放射に関連した遺伝子発現変化の可能性を報告した初めての大規模研究である。

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研究目的（著者による）

To study the potential responses of skin cells to millimeter wave exposure.

詳細情報

Four independent replicates per condition were used.

影響評価項目

ばく露

ばく露 パラメータ
ばく露1: 60.4 GHz
Modulation type: CW
ばく露時間: continuous for 1, 6, 24 h
  • 電力: 425 mW (antenna output power)
  • SAR: 39 W/kg minimum (within the outer wells)
  • SAR: 49.3 W/kg maximum (within the inner wells)
  • SAR: 42.4 W/kg spatial average (averaged over all six wells)
  • 電力密度: 1.7 mW/cm² (in the outer wells)
  • 電力密度: 2.1 mW/cm² (in the inner wells)
  • 電力密度: 2.3 mW/cm² peak
  • 電力密度: 1.8 mW/cm² spatial average (averaged over all six wells)

ばく露1

主たる特性
周波数 60.4 GHz
タイプ
  • electromagnetic field
特性
  • far field
ばく露時間 continuous for 1, 6, 24 h
Modulation
Modulation type CW
ばく露装置
ばく露の発生源／構造
Distance between exposed object and exposure source 27 cm
ばく露装置の詳細 8.5 cm x 12.7 cm culture plate (six wells) with 0.01 mm cell monolayers in each well placed in an incubator and irradiated from the bottom by a pyramidal horn antenna; horn antenna with an aperture of 22.2 mm x 16.7 mm and 17 dB gain
Sham exposure A sham exposure was conducted.
パラメータ
測定量 値 種別 Method Mass 備考
電力 425 mW - - - antenna output power
SAR 39 W/kg minimum 計算値 - within the outer wells
SAR 49.3 W/kg maximum 計算値 - within the inner wells
SAR 42.4 W/kg spatial average 計算値 - averaged over all six wells
電力密度 1.7 mW/cm² - - - in the outer wells
電力密度 2.1 mW/cm² - - - in the inner wells
電力密度 2.3 mW/cm² peak - - -
電力密度 1.8 mW/cm² spatial average - - averaged over all six wells

Reference articles

ばく露を受けた生物:

方法 影響評価項目／測定パラメータ／方法

研究対象とした生物試料:
調査の時期:
  • ばく露後

研究の主なアウトカム（著者による）

No significant difference in gene expression was observed when gene expression values were subjected to a stringent statistical analysis (via t-test with a statistical correction). However, when a single t-test (less stringent) was applied, 130 transcripts were found to be potentially modulated after exposure. To further quantitatively analyze these preselected transcripts, real-time RT-PCR was performed on 24 genes with the best combination of high "fold change" and low P-value. Five of them were confirmed as differentially expressed after 6 h of exposure: CRIP2 (a zinc-binding protein involved in signaling, haematopoiesis, and cell proliferation), PLXND1 (a transmembrane receptor involved in development), PTX3 (a protein involved in innate immunity and inflammatory response), SERPINF1 (a secreted endopeptidase inhibitor that has anti-angiogenic and anti-proliferation functions), and TRPV2 (a calcium channel involved in sensory perception).
Compared to other microarray analyses studying the effect of pollutants or drug treatments, the number of responsive genes in the present study is extremely modest. Moreover, the gene expression modification is transient (mostly after 6 h of exposure) and with a limited amplitude (generally with a fold change close to 2). One can only wonder about the consequence on human health, of such subtle changes at cellular level. Thus, the authors conclude that millimeter waves (CW, 60.4 GHz, 1.8 mW/cm²) do not have any dramatic impact on primary cultures of human keratinocytes. However, they cannot exclude that millimeter waves could affect gene expression in vivo because skin is a complex tissue composed of different kinds of cells with various sensitivities.

研究の種別:

研究助成

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