この研究は、900MHz電磁界にインビボばく露したミミズにおける酸化的および遺伝毒性的な影響を調べた。ばく露はGTEMセルを用いて行った。ばく露レベルは10、23、41、120Vm-1 （ミミズのSARは0.13、0.35、1.10、9.33 mW/ kgと推定計算している）、ばく露時間は2時間とした。またこの他に、23Vm-1 レベルにおいて、4時間ばく露や変調電磁界ばく露（80%振幅変調、1 kHz正弦波）も行った。その結果、全てのばく露条件で、ミミズの体腔細胞に有意な遺伝毒性影響誘導された（コメットアッセイによる）；変調電磁界では遺伝毒性影響がさらに大きくなった；電磁界ばく露によりカタラーゼおよびグルタチオン還元酵素のレベル上昇が見られたことから、抗酸化反応の誘導が示唆された；抗酸化反応、および脂質・タンパク・DNAへの損傷の誘導は、与えた電磁界レベル、電磁界の変調、ばく露時間により異なった、と報告している。
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To investigate whether the exposure to a radiofrequency electromagnetic field causes oxidative stress and has a genotoxic effect in earthworms.
Earthworms were divided in 7 groups (8 animals per group): 1.) control group, 2.) 2 hours exposure with a power density of 0.3 W/m2, 3.) 2 hours exposure with a power density of 1.4 W/m2, 4.) 2 hours exposure with a power density of 4.2 W/m2, 5.) 2 hours exposure with a power density of 38.2 W/m2, 6.) 4 hours exposure with a power density of 1.4 W/m2 and 7.) 2 h exposure with a power density of 1.4 W/m2, amplitude modulated.
| ばく露 | パラメータ |
|---|---|
|
ばく露1:
900 MHz
ばく露時間:
continuous for 2 hours
|
|
|
ばく露2:
900 MHz
ばく露時間:
continuous for 2 hours
|
|
|
ばく露3:
900 MHz
ばく露時間:
continuous for 2 hours
|
|
|
ばく露4:
900 MHz
ばく露時間:
continuous for 2 hours
|
|
|
ばく露5:
900 MHz
ばく露時間:
continuous for 4 hours
|
|
|
ばく露6:
900 MHz
Modulation type:
AM
ばく露時間:
continuous for 2 hours
|
| 周波数 | 900 MHz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| ばく露時間 | continuous for 2 hours |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|---|
| チャンバの詳細 | earthworms in plastic Petri dishes |
| ばく露装置の詳細 | Petri dishes were placed in the GTEM cell, in the same plane, but perpendicular to the electric field. |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| 周波数 | 900 MHz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| ばく露時間 | continuous for 2 hours |
| Modulation type | AM |
|---|---|
| Modulation frequency | 1 kHz |
| Modulation depth | 80 % |
| Additional information |
sinusoidal |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|
In all exposure groups, a significant increase in the DNA damage was found in comparison to the control group and this effect was more pronounced in groups exposed to higher field levels. However, no differences were found between the exposure durations (2 or 4 h at 1.4 W/m2).
The protein carbonyl content in the exposed worms was significantly increased compared to the controls in all investigated fields above 0.3 W/m2. The highest carbonyl content was measured after the exposure to 1.4 W/m2. The level of malondialdehyde was significantly increased after 2 hours of exposure at power densities of 1.4 and 38.2 W/m2 compared to the control.
Exposure above 0.3 W/m2 led to a significantly increased catalase activity except for the amplitude modulated and the 4 hours exposure groups in comparison to the control animals. In all exposure groups, the enzyme activity of the glutathione reductase was significantly increased in comparison to the control group. However, no differences within the exposure groups occurred. >The mean temperature in the earthworms before the exposure was 21.9 +/- 0.2 °C and 22.02 +/- 0.3 °C after the exposure.
The authors conclude that electromagnetic fields have a DNA damaging capacity and cause oxidative stress in earthworms.
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