Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Farrell JM et al. | 1997 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs), 全身 | - | 60 Hz | - | continuous for 48 h | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Rommereim DN et al. | 1990 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | - | 60 Hz | - | intermittent; 19h/day, 7days/week | 電界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Tyndall DA | 1993 | 動物, mouse/C57BL/6J (embryo), 全身: <i>in utero</i> | - | - | - | 36 min/day from day 7 to day 14 of gestation | 静磁界, MRI |
Berman E et al. | 1990 | - | - | 100 Hz | - | 48 h | 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 信号/パルス |
Zecca L et al. | 1985 | 動物, rat/Sprague Dawley (embryo and adult), 全身 | - | 50 Hz | - | 3 h/day, 4 weeks | 磁界, 信号/パルス, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Kowalczuk CI et al. | 1994 | 動物, mouse/CD-1, 全身 | - | 50 Hz | - | 24 hr/day from 0 to 17 day of gestation. | 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Ubeda A et al. | 1994 | - | - | 100 Hz | - | 48 hrs | 磁界, 低周波電磁界 |
Juutilainen J et al. | 1986 | - | - | 1 Hz–100 kHz | - | 52 hrs | 磁界, 中間周波 |
Chiang H et al. | 1995 | - | - | 15.6 kHz | - | 4 h/day from 6th to 17th day of gestation | 磁界, 信号/パルス, 中間周波 |
Martin AH | 1988 | - | - | 100 Hz | - | 24 h | 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 信号/パルス |
Youbicier-Simo BJ et al. | 1997 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs) and chickens after hatching, 全身 | - | 50–80 Hz | - | continuous for 47 days | 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 中間周波, 50/60 Hz (AC), PC/TVモニタ |
Farrell JM et al. | 1998 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs), 全身 | - | 60 Hz | - | 8, 15, 17, 20, 23, or 26 h | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Juutilainen J et al. | 1986 | - | - | 100 Hz | - | continuous for 52 hrs | 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 信号/パルス |
Mevissen M et al. | 1994 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | - | 50 Hz | - | repeated daily exposure of 24 hrs for 20 days | 磁界, 静磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Wiley MJ et al. | 1992 | - | - | 20 kHz | - | - | 磁界, PC/TVモニタ, 中間周波 |
Zusman I et al. | 1990 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley and mouse | - | 1–100 Hz | - | - | 電界, 低周波電磁界, 信号/パルス |
Stuchly MA et al. | 1988 | - | - | 17.857 kHz | - | 7 h/day for 15 days before and 22 days after conception | 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 信号/パルス, 中間周波 |
Nguyen P et al. | 1995 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, embryonic cells from <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, 無脊椎動物, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (embryo), 全身 | - | 60 Hz | - | 16 to 18 h | 50/60 Hz (AC), 磁界 |
Zimmerman S et al. | 1990 | 無脊椎動物, sea urchin (<i>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</i>) (embryo), 全身 | - | 60 Hz | - | continuous for 23 h, starting 4 min post fertilization | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Litovitz TA et al. | 1994 | - | - | 100 Hz | - | continuous for 48 h | 磁界, 信号/パルス |
Pafkova H et al. | 1994 | 動物, chicken (embryo), 全身 | - | 50 Hz | - | see remark* | 50/60 Hz (AC), therapeutic/medical device |
Veicsteinas A et al. | 1996 | 動物, chicken embryos/White Leghorn (eggs), 全身 | - | 50 Hz | - | - | 50/60 Hz (AC), 磁界 |
Dawson BV et al. | 1998 | - | - | 10.8 kHz | - | continuous 20 to 23.5 h/d, for 45 d to 58 d before mating | 磁界, 中間周波 |
Pafkova H et al. | 1994 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs); rat/Wistar (<i>in utero</i>), 全身 | - | 50 Hz | - | repeated daily exposure, 2 h/day upto 8 days (total exposure of 70 hrs) | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Delgado JM et al. | 1982 | - | - | 10–100 Hz | - | continuous for 48 hrs | 磁界, 低周波電磁界, 中間周波 |
Sakamoto S et al. | 1993 | 動物, rat/Sprague Dawley albino (adults, fetuses and neonatals), 全身 | - | 60 Hz | - | 1.3 months (1 month prior to mating through lactation period), 3,3 months (3 mo prior to mating through lactation period) | 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Bellossi A | 1992 | - | - | - | - | repeated exposure, 30 min/day, on 2 non-consecutive days/week, lifelong | 磁界, 信号/パルス, therapeutic/medical device |
Bardasano JL et al. | 1986 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs) | - | 60 Hz | - | 4 to 5d | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Pafkova H et al. | 1996 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs), 全身 | - | 50 Hz | - | - | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC), 共ばく露 |
Zervins A | 1973 | 動物, chicken embryos/White Leghorn (eggs), 全身 | - | 26 kHz | - | repeated daily exposure, 23h/day for 19 d | 50/60 Hz (AC), 中間周波 |
Bessho K et al. | 1995 | 無脊椎動物, <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (nematode; different (transgenic) strains), 全身 | - | 60 Hz | - | 3 min every 6h or 9h, to a total of 9 to 27 min | 50/60 Hz (AC), 磁界 |
Burack G et al. | 1984 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | - | 60 Hz | - | continuous for 8 days | 電界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Pagnac C et al. | 1998 | 無脊椎動物, sea urchin (<i>Sphaerechinus granularis</i> and <i>Paracentrotus lividus</i>) (embryo), 全身 | - | 0 Hz | - | up to 150 min | 50/60 Hz (AC), 磁界, 静磁界 |
Rommereim DN et al. | 1996 | 動物, rat/Sprague Dawley (embryo), 全身 | - | 60 Hz | - | continuous 20h/day, for 20 d | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
DiCarlo AL et al. | 1998 | 動物, chicken embryos (eggs), 全身 | - | 60 Hz | - | continuous for 20 min | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Ubeda A et al. | 1983 | - | - | 100 Hz | - | continuous for 48 hrs | 磁界, 信号/パルス |
Maffeo S et al. | 1984 | - | - | 100 Hz–1 kHz | - | continuous for 48 hrs | 磁界, 信号/パルス, 中間周波 |
Seto YJ et al. | 1984 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | - | 60 Hz | - | repeated daily exposure, 21 hrs/d, pls see remark | 電界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Yip YP et al. | 1994 | 動物, chicken/White Leghorn, 全身: <i>in ovo</i> | - | 15–200 Hz | - | continuous for 6 h | MRI |
Huuskonen H et al. | 1998 | - | - | 20 kHz | - | continuous from gestation day 0 to 18. | 磁界, PC/TVモニタ, 中間周波 |
Zimmermann B et al. | 1987 | 動物, mouse/NMRI, 全身 | - | - | - | continuous for 18 days | 静磁界, DC, MRI |
Konermann G et al. | 1986 | 動物, mouse/albino | - | - | - | - | 静磁界, DC, MRI |
Sienkiewicz ZJ et al. | 1994 | 動物, mouse/CD-1 (embryo), 全身 | - | 50 Hz | - | - | 磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Sikov MR et al. | 1984 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | - | 60 Hz | - | continuous | 電界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
McGivern RF et al. | 1990 | - | - | 15 Hz | - | 15 min twice a days from day 15 till day 20 of gestation | 信号/パルス |
Tyndall DA et al. | 1991 | 動物, mouse/C57BL/6J (embryo), 全身: <i>in utero</i> | - | 64 MHz | - | continuous for 36 min. on gestational day 7 | MRI |
Yu MC et al. | 1993 | 動物, rat/Sprague Dawley (embryo and adult) | - | 60 Hz | - | continuous, 23h/d for 18d to 40d | 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Portet R et al. | 1988 | 動物, rat/Long-Evans and rabbit, 全身 | - | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 8 h/day for 4 weeks | 電界, 低周波電磁界, 50/60 Hz (AC) |
Terol FF et al. | 1994 | - | - | 0 Hz–1 kHz | - | - | - |
Falugi C et al. | 1987 | - | - | 5 kHz | - | 2 to 4 hrs | 信号/パルス |
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