Study overviews

Mobile phone related articles are

Please note that a publication can be assigned to several endpoints, i.e. the sum of publications from the individual thematic points and subpoints can be greater than the total sum of actual publications.

Experimental studies on mobile communications

1696 studies in total
  1. Health
    738 studies
  2. DNA, proteins, and oxidative stress
    561 studies
  3. Brain
    511 studies
  4. Cells
    220 studies
  5. Other
    204 studies
  6. Cell functions
    118 studies

DNA, proteins, and oxidative stress

561 studies in total
  1. (Oxidative) stress response
    306 studies
  2. Genotoxicity
    198 studies
  3. Gene/protein expression (in general)
    118 studies
  4. Gene/protein expression (HSP)
    42 studies

Genotoxicity 198 studies in total

List view Background information
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Alkis ME et al. 2021 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley - 1,800–2,100 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, microwaves, PW pulsed wave
Gunes M et al. 2021 invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> - 900–2,100 MHz - - mobile communications
Jin H et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture, animal, C57BL/6 mouse - 1.762 GHz - - mobile communications, LTE, co-exposure
Vilic M et al. 2017 invertebrate, honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i>), whole body - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, AM amplitude modulation
El-Abd SF et al. 2012 intact cell/cell culture, human lymphocytes - 1,950 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone
Sharma S et al. 2023 plant, fenugreek (<i>Trigonella foenum-graecum</i>) (seeds) - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, RF field
Gandhi G et al. 2015 human - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone
Sannino A et al. 2022 intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line); SH-SY5Y CRISPR cells - 1,950 MHz - - mobile communications, UMTS, co-exposure
Sannino A et al. 2022 intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) - 1,950 MHz - - mobile communications, UMTS, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure
D'Silva MH et al. 2021 animal, hen eggs (<i>Gallus domesticus</i> ) - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, UMTS
Singh KV et al. 2023 animal, rat/ Wistar - 2,115 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone
Ding SS et al. 2018 human - 1,800–2,450 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, 4G, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz
Hook GJ 2001 intact cell/cell culture, human peripheral blood lymphocytes - 837–1,909.8 MHz - - mobile communications, analog mobile phone, PCS, TDMA, CDMA, microwaves
Saka VP et al. 2023 intact cell/cell culture, primary cortical neurons (of rat) - 2,100 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, 4G, GSM, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure
Kadeh H et al. 2023 human - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone
Ravaioli F et al. 2023 intact cell/cell culture, HeLa cells, neuroblastoma BE(2)C cells and neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM, RF field
Mišík M et al. 2023 intact cell/cell culture, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells - 1,950 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, UMTS, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF
Sannino A et al. 2024 V79 (Chinese hamster fibroblast cells) - 1,950 MHz - - LTE, mobile communications, RF field, CW continuous wave, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF
Sun C et al. 2023 intact cell/cell culture, immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts - 1,800 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, RF field, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF
Bektas H et al. 2021 human - 900–1,800 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM
Jooyan N et al. 2024 intact cell/cell culture, CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure
Panagopoulos DJ 2024 intact cell/cell culture, human peripheral blood lymphocytes - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone, UMTS, 4G, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure
Sangle V et al. 2023 human - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, CDMA
Sharma A et al. 2024 plant, onion (<i>Allium cepa</i> L.) - 800–2,300 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone base station
Kundi M et al. 2024 human - 1,950 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, UMTS
Cain CD et al. 1997 intact cell/cell culture, C3H 10T1/2 and UV/TDT10e (10e) cells (mouse fibroblast cells) <i>in vitro</i> carcinogenesis/focus formation 836.55 MHz 0.15–15 µW/g 20 min on - 20 min off, 24 h/day for 28 days TDMA, mobile communications, RF field, PW pulsed wave
Tice RR et al. 2002 intact cell/cell culture DNA and chromosomal damage 837 MHz 1–10 W/kg continuous for 3 or 24 h GSM, CDMA, TDMA, mobile communications
Gandhi G et al. 2005 human, whole body DNA and chromosome damage 800–2,000 MHz 0.59–1.56 W/kg 1 h - 15 h per day for 1 year to 5 years mobile phone, GSM, CDMA, mobile communications
Syldona M 2007 DNA/RNA DNA conformation - - 5 min mobile communications, mobile phone
Li L et al. 2001 intact cell/cell culture, C3H 10T1/2 cells (derived from mouse embryo fibroblasts) DNA damage 835.62 MHz 3.2–5.1 W/kg continuous for 2 or 4 h mobile communications, CDMA, FDMA
Baohong W et al. 2005 intact cell/cell culture DNA damage 1.8 GHz 3 W/kg continuous for 2 h GSM, mobile communications, microwaves
Sakuma N et al. 2006 intact cell/cell culture, A172 (human glioblastoma cells) and IMR90 fibroblasts (from fetal lungs) DNA damage 2.1425 GHz 80–800 mW/kg continuous for 2 or 24 hours UMTS, mobile communications
Verschaeve L et al. 2006 animal, rat/Wistar, whole body DNA damage 900 MHz 0.3–0.9 W/kg repeated daily exposure, 2 h/day, 5 days/week, for 24 months digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Tiwari R et al. 2008 blood samples DNA damage 835 MHz 1.17 W/kg continuous for 1 h and 2 h mobile communications, mobile phone, digital mobile phone, CDMA
Sannino A et al. 2009 intact cell/cell culture DNA damage 900 MHz 1 W/kg continuous for 1 h or 24 h digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, RF field, co-exposure
Franzellitti S et al. 2010 intact cell/cell culture, HTR-8/SVneo (human trophoblast cell line) DNA damage 1.8 GHz 2 W/kg 5 min on / 10 min off - for 4 hr, 16 hr or 24 hr digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, AM amplitude modulation, CW continuous wave, PW pulsed wave
Trosic I et al. 2011 animal, rat/Wistar, whole body DNA damage 915 MHz - 1 hour/day, 7 days/week for 2 weeks mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Waldmann P et al. 2013 intact cell/cell culture, human peripheral blood lymphocytes DNA damage 1,800 MHz 0.2–10 W/kg intermittent (5 min on, 10 min off) for 28 hours digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Liu C et al. 2013 intact cell/cell culture, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) DNA damage - 0.585–0.813 W/kg - mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, RF field, PW pulsed wave, co-exposure
Duan W et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) DNA damage 50 Hz 1–4 W/kg intermittent 5 min field on and 10 min field off for 24 h GSM, mobile communications, RF field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Jiang B et al. 2012 animal, mouse/ICR, whole body DNA damage (alkali labile sites and DNA single-strand breaks) 900 MHz 548 mW/kg continuous for 4 hours/day for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days mobile communications, RF field, wireless transmitter, co-exposure
Gandhi G et al. 2005 human, whole body, partial body: head DNA damage (chromosome aberration and micronuclei formation) - 0.1–1.92 W/kg 2.16 hr/day - 16 hr/day for up to 5 years mobile phone, mobile communications
Sekeroglu V et al. 2012 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body DNA damage (chromosome aberration, micronucleus test), cytotoxicity 1,800 MHz 0.37–0.49 W/kg continuous for two hours/day for 45 days mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Hansteen IL et al. 2009 intact cell/cell culture DNA damage (chromosome aberrations) 2.3 GHz - one cell cycle mobile phone, mobile communications, RF field, CW continuous wave, PW pulsed wave, co-exposure
Perrin A et al. 2010 intact cell/cell culture, THP-1 cells (human monocytic leukemia cell line) DNA damage (comet assay and gamma-H2AX assay) 1,800 MHz 2–16 W/kg continuous for 2 h digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, RF field, PW pulsed wave, co-exposure
Malyapa RS et al. 1997 intact cell/cell culture, C3H 10T1/2 cells (derived from mouse embryo fibroblasts) and U87MG (human glioblastoma cells) DNA damage (comet assay) 835.62 MHz 0.6 W/kg continuous for 2, 4 or 24 h mobile communications, CDMA, RF field, CW continuous wave
Maes A et al. 2006 blood samples, human, whole body DNA damage (comet assay, sister chromatid exchange and chromosome aberrations) 147.25–900 MHz - repeated daily exposure, at least 1 h/day for 2.3 years (on average) mobile phone base station, mobile communications, microwaves, millimeter waves, occupational
Karaca E et al. 2012 intact cell/cell culture DNA damage (micronucleus assay), gene expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes 10.715 GHz 0.725 W/kg continuous for 6 h per day for 3 days mobile phone, mobile communications, RF field, microwaves
Sannino A et al. 2009 intact cell/cell culture DNA damage (micronucleus formation) 900 MHz 1.25–10 W/kg continuous for 20 h mobile phone, mobile communications, RF field
Sannino A et al. 2011 intact cell/cell culture DNA damage (micronucleus formation) 900 MHz 1.25–10 W/kg continuous for 20 h mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, RF field