To study the effect of a 1800 MHz radiofrequency GSM signal combined with a known chemical mutagen (4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide: 4NQO) on human cells.
No heating of the cell cultures was detected during exposure. Additional experiments were performed at 37, 39, 41 or 43°C (2 h, with 4NQO).
cells were treated in four groups: i) sham exposure ii) EMF exposure iii) 1.8 µM 4NQO (4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide) + sham exposure iv) 1.8 µM 4NQO + EMF exposure
| Frequency | 1,800 MHz |
|---|---|
| Type | |
| Charakteristic | |
| Exposure duration | continuous for 2 h |
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Duty cycle | 12.5 % |
| Repetition frequency | 217 Hz |
| Exposure source | |
|---|---|
| Distance between exposed object and exposure source | 1 m |
| Chamber | three identical exposure chambers used - two for simultaneous exposures and one for sham exposure |
| Setup | cells placed in Petri dishes inside thermoregulated Plexiglas incubators which were slowly rotated and positioned each inside an anechoic chamber; temperature inside the incubator 37°C; layer of small glass balls with a diameter of 1.5 mm placed inside the Petri dishes for efficient heat conduction; rectangular horn antenna positioned above the incubator; |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
The exposure of cells to electromagnetic fields with SARs of 2 to 16 W/kg did not increase the DNA damage induced by 4NQO, whereas the number of DNA strand breaks increased with a temperature rise of at least 4 °C. In conclusion, no co-genotoxic effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure was found at levels of exposure that did not induce heating.
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