20 blood samples of two age groups (10 volunteers 16-20 years old, 10 volunteers 50-65 years old) were stimulated with PHA, exposed to three different specific absorption rates and investigated. Positive controls were performed for every blood sample and each test. The study was a collaboration of six independent institutes. Genotoxic tests were conducted by one institute and evaluated by three different institutes. Three institutes were responsible for blood collection and exposure, exposure design, and statistical analysis.
eight waveguides arranged in four separately controlled exposureunits (containing 72 culture dishes of 35 mm in diameter); in each waveguide, one dish holder with 9 cell culture dishes; each exposure unit consisted of a power splitter connecting two single-mode cavities for 1.8 GHz that are based on R18 waveguides; the system was capable of driving four different power levels in parallel that are randomly assigned to the four exposureunits; two waveguides (18 dishes) per SAR; eight waveguides mounted on an aluminium rack; system placed in an incubator with constant environmental conditions
Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz (BfS; Federal Office for Radiation Protection), Salzgitter, Germany
Related articles
Moraitis N et al.
(2015):
In-vitro assessment of Jurkat T-cells response to 1966 MHz electromagnetic fields in a GTEM cell
Sannino A et al.
(2014):
Adaptive response in human blood lymphocytes exposed to non-ionizing radiofrequency fields: resistance to ionizing radiation-induced damage
Vijayalaxmi et al.
(2013):
Incidence of micronuclei in human peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed to modulated and unmodulated 2450 MHz radiofrequency fields
Zeni O et al.
(2012):
Induction of an adaptive response in human blood lymphocytes exposed to radiofrequency fields: Influence of the universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) signal and the specific absorption rate
Esmekaya MA et al.
(2011):
Mutagenic and morphologic impacts of 1.8 GHz radiofrequency radiation on human peripheral blood lymphocytes (hPBLs) and possible protective role of pre-treatment with Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761)
Sannino A et al.
(2011):
Induction of adaptive response in human blood lymphocytes exposed to 900 MHz radiofrequency fields: Influence of cell cycle
Hansteen IL et al.
(2009):
Cytogenetic effects of 18.0 and 16.5 GHz microwave radiation on human lymphocytes in vitro
Zeni O et al.
(2008):
Evaluation of genotoxic effects in human leukocytes after in vitro exposure to 1950 MHz UMTS radiofrequency field
Stronati L et al.
(2006):
935 MHz cellular phone radiation. An in vitro study of genotoxicity in human lymphocytes
Vijayalaxmi
(2006):
Cytogenetic studies in human blood lymphocytes exposed in vitro to 2.45 GHz or 8.2 GHz radiofrequency radiation
Scarfi MR et al.
(2006):
Exposure to radiofrequency radiation (900 MHz, GSM signal) does not affect micronucleus frequency and cell proliferation in human peripheral blood lymphocytes: an interlaboratory study
Zotti-Martelli L et al.
(2005):
Individual responsiveness to induction of micronuclei in human lymphocytes after exposure in vitro to 1800 MHz microwave radiation
Zeni O et al.
(2003):
Lack of genotoxic effects (micronucleus induction) in human lymphocytes exposed in vitro to 900 MHz electromagnetic fields
Tice RR et al.
(2002):
Genotoxicity of radiofrequency signals. I. Investigation of DNA damage and micronuclei induction in cultured human blood cells
Vijayalaxmi et al.
(2001):
Chromosome damage and micronucleus formation in human blood lymphocytes exposed in vitro to radiofrequency radiation at a cellular telephone frequency (847.74 MHz, CDMA)
Maes A et al.
(2001):
Cytogenetic effects of 900 MHz (GSM) microwaves on human lymphocytes
Vijayalaxmi et al.
(2001):
Cytogenetic studies in human blood lymphocytes exposed in vitro to radiofrequency radiation at a cellular telephone frequency (835.62 MHz, FDMA)
