Mobile phone related articles are
Please note that a publication can be assigned to several endpoints, i.e. the sum of publications from the individual thematic points and subpoints can be greater than the total sum of actual publications.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Waldmann P et al. | 2013 | intact cell/cell culture, human peripheral blood lymphocytes | DNA damage | 1,800 MHz | 0.2–10 W/kg | intermittent (5 min on, 10 min off) for 28 hours | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Phillips JL et al. | 1998 | intact cell/cell culture, Molt-4 cells | single-strand breaks (comet assay) | 813.5625 MHz | 2.4–26 µW/g | intermittent 20 min on/off for 2, 3 and 21 hours | iDEN, NADC, TDMA, mobile communications |
Duan W et al. | 2015 | intact cell/cell culture, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) | DNA damage | 50 Hz | 1–4 W/kg | intermittent 5 min field on and 10 min field off for 24 h | GSM, mobile communications, RF field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Gorpinchenko I et al. | 2014 | intact cell/cell culture, human spermatozoa | sperm parameter | 900–1,800 MHz | - | intermittent every 10 minutes for 5 hours (standby mode with outgoing calls every 10 minutes) | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Hou Q et al. | 2015 | intact cell/cell culture, NIH3T3 cells (mouse fibroblast cell line) | oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis in mouse embryonic fibroblasts | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | intermittent exposure (5 min on/10 min off) for 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6 or 8 hours | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Xu S et al. | 2013 | intact cell/cell culture, CHL (Chinese hamster lung) cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), primary newborn rat astrocytes, human amniotic epithelial cells, human lens epithelial cells (HLEC), human skin fibroblasts | DNA damage, DNA double strand breaks | 1,800 MHz | 3 W/kg | intermittent for 1 h or 24 h (5 min "on", 10 min "off") | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Speit G et al. | 2013 | intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) | comet assay and formation of micronuclei | 1,800 MHz | 1.3–10 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off for 24 h | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Speit G et al. | 2007 | intact cell/cell culture, ES-1 (human diploid fibroblasts) and V79 (Chinese hamster fibroblast cells) | comet assay and formation of micronuclei | 1,800 MHz | 1–2 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off, for 1, 4, 18, and 24 h | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Yao K et al. | 2008 | intact cell/cell culture, SRA01/04-hLEC (human eye lens epithelial cells) | DNA damage, intracellular reactive oxygen species formation | 30–90 Hz | 1–4 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off, for 2 h | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, microwaves |
Nikolova T et al. | 2005 | intact cell/cell culture, ES R1 cells (mouse embryonic stem cells) | different effects (e.g. different transcript levels, genotoxicity, proliferation, apoptosis, cytotoxicity, mitochondrial function) | 50 Hz–1.25 kHz | 1.5 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/30 min off, for 6 h and 48 h | GSM, mobile communications, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line |
Zeni O et al. | 2008 | intact cell/cell culture | formation of micronucleus during different cell cycle stages | 1,950 MHz | 2.2 W/kg | intermittent, 6 min on/2 h off, for 24, 44, or 24 + 44 h | digital mobile phone, UMTS, mobile communications |
Zeni O et al. | 2003 | intact cell/cell culture | incidence of micronuclei, cell cycle kinetics | 900 MHz | 0.2–1.6 W/kg | intermittent; 6 min on/3 h off, 14 on/off cycles of exposure, altogether 44 h | GSM, mobile communications |
Banerjee S et al. | 2016 | human, partial body: head | genotoxicity in oral mucosa | - | - | mobile use for less than 5 years and less than 3 hours a week | mobile phone, GSM, CDMA, mobile communications |
Hansteen IL et al. | 2009 | intact cell/cell culture | DNA damage (chromosome aberrations) | 2.3 GHz | - | one cell cycle | mobile phone, mobile communications, RF field, CW continuous wave, PW pulsed wave, co-exposure |
Sykes PJ et al. | 2001 | animal, mouse/pKZ1(transgenic, with beta-galactosidase gene (<i>lacZ</i>)), whole body | intrachromosomal recombination, inversion frequency | 900 MHz | 4 W/kg | repeated daily exposure for 30 min/day for 1, 5 or 25 days (5 days/week) | GSM, mobile communications, PW pulsed wave |
Juutilainen J et al. | 2007 | animal, mouse/CBA/S and transgenic of the line K2 (over-expressing the human ODC gene) and non-transgenic littermate, whole body | formation of micronuclei | 849 MHz | 0.35–1.5 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 1.5 h/day, 5 days/week, for 78 weeks | analog mobile phone, digital mobile phone, GSM, NMT, D-AMPS, mobile communications |
Aitken RJ et al. | 2005 | animal, mouse/CD-1 Swiss, whole body | DNA damage in spermatozoa | 900 MHz | 90 mW/kg | repeated daily exposure, 12 h/day for 7 days | GSM, mobile communications |
Verschaeve L et al. | 2006 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | DNA damage | 900 MHz | 0.3–0.9 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 2 h/day, 5 days/week, for 24 months | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Gorlitz BD et al. | 2005 | animal, mouse/B6C3F1, whole body | induction of micronuclei | 902–1,747 MHz | 0.33–33.2 mW/g | repeated daily exposure, 2 h/day, for 5 days | GSM, mobile communications |
Ferreira AR et al. | 2006 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | chromosome damage | 834 MHz | 1.23 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 8.5 h/day, throughout pregnancy | analog mobile phone, mobile communications |
Takahashi S et al. | 2002 | animal, mouse/Big Blue (BBM, transgenic for the <i>lac</i>I marker gene in lambda phage; C57BL/6 background), partial body: head | mutation frequency | 1.5 GHz | 0.27–2 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 90 min/day, 5 days/week for 2 or 4 weeks | PDC, TDMA, mobile communications |
Maes A et al. | 2006 | blood samples, human, whole body | DNA damage (comet assay, sister chromatid exchange and chromosome aberrations) | 147.25–900 MHz | - | repeated daily exposure, at least 1 h/day for 2.3 years (on average) | mobile phone base station, mobile communications, microwaves, millimeter waves, occupational |
Hintzsche H et al. | 2010 | human | frequency of micronuclei | - | - | up to 15 hr/week for up to 10 years and more | mobile phone, mobile communications, microwaves, not extractable |
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