この研究は、妊娠中のラットにパルス化GSM様の電磁放射（RFR：9.4 GHz）ばく露を与え、新生仔の腎臓に現れる影響を探索した。妊娠ラットをばく露する準備として、ヒトとラットの異なる共振周波数に基づくシミュレーションモデルを設計した。電磁界の熱的影響を可能な限り回避するため、適用する電力密度は5 μW/ cm2に決定した。妊娠ラットは、交尾後1〜3日目（胚形成、着床前）および同4〜7日目（初期器官形成、着床前後）の２つの期間のいずれかにRFRばく露を受けた。ばく露群および擬似ばく露群の新生仔の腎臓における骨形成タンパク質（BMP）とその受容体（BMPR）の相対的な発現と局在を測定した。BMP-4、-7、BMPR-IA、-IB、-IIは半定量的二重RT-PCRで測定した。その結果、ばく露を受けた新生仔の腎臓でBMP-4およびBMPR-IAの相対的発現の増加、およびBMPR-IIの相対的発現の減少が見られた；交尾後1〜3日目のばく露群では、BMP-4、BMPR-IA、-IIの変化が有意であった（それぞれP <.001）；交尾後4〜7日目のばく露群では、BMP-4およびBMPR-IAの変化が有意であった（それぞれP <.001およびP = .005）；免疫組織化学およびin situハイブリダイゼーション（ISH）により、組織学的レベルでのこれらの分子の異常な発現および局在化が示された、と報告している。
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A simulation model was designed for the athermal exposure of pregnant rats to pulsed GSM-like radiofrequency radiation (9.4 GHz). Relative expression and localization of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) and their receptors (BMPR) were examined in kidneys of rat newborns exposed (sham-exposed) during prenatal development.
BMP and BMPR are members of a molecular family currently considered as major endocrine and autocrine morphogenes and known to be involved in renal development.
| ばく露 | パラメータ |
|---|---|
|
ばく露1:
9.4 GHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
ばく露時間:
continuous during days 1-3 postcoitum
|
|
|
ばく露2:
9.4 GHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
ばく露時間:
continuous during days 4-7 postcoitum
|
| 周波数 | 9.4 GHz |
|---|---|
| ばく露時間 | continuous during days 1-3 postcoitum |
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Pulse width | 20 µs |
| Repetition frequency | 50 Hz |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|---|
| Distance between exposed object and exposure source | 5 m |
| チャンバの詳細 | Plastic cages /50 cm x 40 cm x 25 cm |
| ばく露装置の詳細 | 6 cages with four free moving rats per cage were positioned in two horizontal rows by three vertical columns in the middle of the two antennas. |
| 周波数 | 9.4 GHz |
|---|---|
| ばく露時間 | continuous during days 4-7 postcoitum |
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Pulse width | 20 µs |
| Repetition frequency | 50 Hz |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|---|
| Distance between exposed object and exposure source | 5 m |
No malformations were found in the newborns which were exposed to radiofrequency irradiation. At the histological level, kidney sections of irradiated newborn rats occasionally exhibited slight swelling in the tubular cells when compared to corresponding material from sham-exposed rats. Semiquantitative duplex RT-PCR for BMP-4, -7, BMPR-IA, -IB, and -II showed increased BMP-4 and BMPR-IA, and decreased BMPR-II relative expression in kidneys of rat newborns. These changes were statistically significant for BMP-4, BMPR-IA, and -II after irradiation on days 1-3 postcoitum, and for BMP-4 and BMPR-IA after exposure on days 4-7 postcoitum. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization showed aberrant expression and localization of these molecules at the histological level.
The data suggest that GSM-like radiofrequency radiation interferes with gene expression during early gestation and results in aberrations of BMP expression in the newborn animal. These molecular alterations do not appear to affect renal organogenesis and may reflect a delay in the development of this organ. The differences of relative BMP expression after different exposure times indicate the importance of timing for GSM-like radiofrequency radiation effects on embryonic development.
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