この研究は、ボランティア実験で、背外側前頭前野への単一パルス経頭蓋磁気刺激に対する知覚および運動反応の閾値を測定した。被験者は次の3群であった：主観的な電磁過敏を申告した人（電磁過敏者群）、文献に報告されている電磁界（EMF）ばく露関連の不定愁訴を心配する人：心配度の最高十分位（心配度の高い一般人対照群）、同上：心配度の最低十分位（心配度の低い一般人対照群）である。主要なエンドポイントは、被験者が真の磁気刺激と擬似の状態の識別能力を有するか否かであった。結果として、真の磁気刺激の検出閾値にも運動反応閾値にも、３群間に有意差はなかった；しかし、刺激と擬似状態の識別においては３群間に有意差があり、主観的電磁過敏者群の識別能力が最も低く、心配度の高い一般人対照群の識別能力が最も高かった；主観的電磁過敏者は、擬似の状態において誤った警報反応を報告したために、このような群間の違いが生じることになった；しかし、「電磁過敏」であることと自己の知覚との客観的な相関関係はなかった、と報告している。
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The aim of the study was to investigate the ability of the subjects to differentiate between real magnetic stimulation and a sham exposure.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was used to measure thresholds of individual perception and motor response in three groups of subjects: 1) subjectively electrosensitive people, 2) general population controls with a high burden of complaints related to electromagnetic field exposure, and 3) general population controls with a low burden of complaints.
Perception thresholds under double blind conditions as well as objectively measured motor thresholds for evoked potentials were determined by applying singular transcranial magnetic pulses to the motor cortex.
| 周波数 |
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| タイプ |
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| 波形 |
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| ばく露時間 | repeated exposure |
| Modulation type | single pulse |
|---|---|
| Additional information |
four series of 19 consecutive single pulses with increasing amplitudes |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
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|---|---|
| ばく露装置の詳細 | Perception thresholds were determined by stimulating subjects with a figure-8 coil (double circular 70-mm coil) placed over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), as usually done in rTMS studies treating depressive patients [Eichhammer et al., 2002], but using singular stimuli. |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| Additional information | A specific sham coil was used imitating the characteristic acoustic click associated with an active stimulation but not inducing a magnetic field. Active and sham coils were handed out according to a randomization scheme for the four series (ABAB versus BABA) so that both the subjects and the physicians applying the coils remained blinded. |
| 周波数 |
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|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| 波形 |
|
| ばく露時間 | repeated exposure |
| Modulation type | single pulse |
|---|---|
| Additional information |
up to 10 consecutive single pulses for each amplitude |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
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|---|---|
| チャンバの詳細 | Resting (RMT) and active (AMT) motor thresholds, representing paradigms of cortical excitability, were measured by TMS according to [Rossini et al., 1994]. |
| ばく露装置の詳細 | The coil was held with the junction of the two wings tangential to the skull and the handle pointing backwards and 45° away from the midline. Thus, the induced current in the brain was directed about perpendicular to the assumed line of the central sulcus. |
| Additional information | Motor evoked potentials (MEP) from the right abductor digiti minimi muscle were recorded using surface electrodes in a belly-tendon montage. MEP amplitudes were measured peak to peak in 10 consecutive trials for each stimulus intensity. |
No parameters are specified for this exposure.
There were no significant differences between groups in the thresholds, neither of detecting the real magnetic stimulus nor in motor response. But the three groups differed significantly in differentiating between stimulation and sham condition. The subjectively electrosensitive people have the lowest ability to differentiate and the control group with high level of electromagnetic field-related complaints has the best ability to differentiate. Differences between groups were mostly due to false alarm reactions in the sham condition reported by subjectively electrosensitives.
The authors found no objective correlation of the self perception of being "electrosensitive." Overall, the experiment does not support the hypothesis that subjectively electrosensitive patients suffer from a physiological hypersensitivity to electromagnetic fields or stimuli.
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