EMF-Portal | Study overviews

Authors	Year	Exposed system	Endpoints	Frequency range	SAR	Exposure duration	Parameters
Kumar S et al.	2014	animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body	effects on testis and sperms	1,910.5 MHz	0.0226–1.34 W/kg	continuous for 2 hours/day on 6 days/week for 60 days	mobile phone, mobile communications
Belyaev IY et al.	2005	intact cell/cell culture	chromatin conformation and 53BP1 foci formation (DNA damage), apoptosis	50 Hz	37 mW/kg	continuous for 2 h	GSM, mobile communications, microwaves, 50/60 Hz
Markova E et al.	2005	intact cell/cell culture	chromatin conformation, analysis of tumor suppressor p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) and of phosphorylated histone H2AX (gamma-H2AX)	905–915 MHz	37 mW/kg	continuous for 1 h	GSM, mobile communications, microwaves
Belyaev I et al.	2010	intact cell/cell culture, mesenchymal stem cells and primary cultures of human fibroblasts (VH-10)	DNA double-strand breaks and double-strand break repair (53BP1 foci formation)	905 MHz	37–39 mW/kg	continuous for 1 h, 2 h or 3 h	mobile phone, GSM, UMTS, mobile communications
Belyaev IY et al.	2009	intact cell/cell culture	genotoxic effects and stress response	905–915 MHz	37–40 mW/kg	1 h	mobile communications, digital mobile phone, GSM, UMTS
Hekmat A et al.	2013	DNA/RNA	DNA structure	940 MHz	40 mW/kg	continuous for 45 minutes	mobile phone, mobile communications, RF field
Zong C et al.	2015	animal, mouse/ICR, whole body	DNA damage in leukocytes, oxidative stress and antioxidative status in plasma, liver and lung	900 MHz	50 mW/kg	continuous for 4 h/day for 7 days	mobile communications, RF field, CW continuous wave, co-exposure
Schwarz C et al.	2008	intact cell/cell culture, ES-1, IH-9, HW-2 (human diploid fibroblasts) and lymphocytes	formation of micronuclei	1,950 MHz	0.05–2 W/kg	continuous for 24 h	digital mobile phone, UMTS, mobile communications
Vijayalaxmi et al.	2003	animal, rat/Fischer 344, whole body, partial body: head	formation of micronuclei	1.6 GHz	0.077–1.6 W/kg	2 h/day, 7 days/week,starting on day 19 of gestation and lasting until the offspring reached an age of 3 weeks	IRIDIUM, mobile communications
Sakuma N et al.	2006	intact cell/cell culture, A172 (human glioblastoma cells) and IMR90 fibroblasts (from fetal lungs)	DNA damage	2.1425 GHz	80–800 mW/kg	continuous for 2 or 24 hours	UMTS, mobile communications
Antonopoulos A et al.	1998	intact cell/cell culture	frequency of sister-chromatid exchange, velocity of cell cycle	380 MHz	82.9–1,700 mW/kg	continuous for 48, 52, 56, 64, and 68 h	mobile communications, GSM
Aitken RJ et al.	2005	animal, mouse/CD-1 Swiss, whole body	DNA damage in spermatozoa	900 MHz	90 mW/kg	repeated daily exposure, 12 h/day for 7 days	GSM, mobile communications
Gandhi G et al.	2005	human, whole body, partial body: head	DNA damage (chromosome aberration and micronuclei formation)	-	0.1–1.92 W/kg	2.16 hr/day - 16 hr/day for up to 5 years	mobile phone, mobile communications
McNamee JP et al.	2002	intact cell/cell culture	DNA damage and formation of miconuclei	1.9 GHz	0.1–10 W/kg	continuous for 2 h	TDMA, mobile communications
McNamee JP et al.	2002	intact cell/cell culture	DNA damage; formation of miconuclei	1.9 GHz	0.1–10 W/kg	continuous for 2 h	GSM, PCS, mobile communications, microwaves
Gos P et al.	2000	yeast, <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>/RS112<sup>a</sup>, RSY6 S35/2-10C, WDHY907<sup>b</sup> (ARG+ revertant; <i>CAN1</i> encodes the arginine permease), FY3<sup>c</sup>	mutagenesis and genomic stability (mutation rate and deletions)	900 MHz	0.13–1.3 W/kg	continuous for 1 h	GSM, mobile communications, PW pulsed wave
Ziemann C et al.	2009	animal, mouse/B6C3F1/CrlBR, whole body	formation of micronuclei	902 MHz	0.14–4 W/kg	continuous for 2 h/day, 5 days/weeks for 2 years (see also add. information for exp. setup)	mobile communications, digital mobile phone, GSM
Zeni O et al.	2012	intact cell/cell culture	micronucleus formation	1,950 MHz	0.15–1.25 W/kg	continuous for 20 h	digital mobile phone, UMTS, W-CDMA, mobile communications
Zeni O et al.	2003	intact cell/cell culture	incidence of micronuclei, cell cycle kinetics	900 MHz	0.2–1.6 W/kg	intermittent; 6 min on/3 h off, 14 on/off cycles of exposure, altogether 44 h	GSM, mobile communications
Waldmann P et al.	2013	intact cell/cell culture, human peripheral blood lymphocytes	DNA damage	1,800 MHz	0.2–10 W/kg	intermittent (5 min on, 10 min off) for 28 hours	digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Esmekaya MA et al.	2011	intact cell/cell culture, human peripheral blood lymphocytes	mutation rate, cell viability and cell morphology of human peripheral blood lymphocytes	1.8 GHz	0.21 W/kg	continuous for 6, 8, 12 and 48 h	digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, microwaves, PW pulsed wave, co-exposure
Gurbuz N et al.	2014	animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body	micronucleus formation in exfoliated bladder cells	1,800 MHz	0.23 W/kg	continuous for 30 minutes/day, 6 days/week for 1 or 2 months	GSM, mobile communications
Bourthoumieu S et al.	2010	intact cell/cell culture, amniotic cells	chromosomal damage, chromosome aberrations	900 MHz	0.25–2 W/kg	continuous for 24 hr	mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Kesari KK et al.	2014	animal, rat/ Wistar, whole body	DNA damage, protein expression, apoptosis and oxidative stress in brain	2,115 MHz	0.26–0.9 W/kg	continuous for 2 hours/day for 60 days	mobile phone, mobile communications
Takahashi S et al.	2002	animal, mouse/Big Blue (BBM, transgenic for the <i>lac</i>I marker gene in lambda phage; C57BL/6 background), partial body: head	mutation frequency	1.5 GHz	0.27–2 W/kg	repeated daily exposure, 90 min/day, 5 days/week for 2 or 4 weeks	PDC, TDMA, mobile communications

Study overviews

Experimental studies on mobile communications

DNA, proteins, and oxidative stress

Genotoxicity 198 studies in total