Study overviews

Mobile phone related articles are

Please note that a publication can be assigned to several endpoints, i.e. the sum of publications from the individual thematic points and subpoints can be greater than the total sum of actual publications.

Experimental studies on mobile communications

1697 studies in total
  1. Health
    738 studies
  2. DNA, proteins, and oxidative stress
    562 studies
  3. Brain
    511 studies
  4. Cells
    221 studies
  5. Other
    204 studies
  6. Cell functions
    118 studies

Cells

221 studies in total
  1. Apoptosis/cell death
    112 studies
  2. Cell proliferation/growth
    81 studies
  3. Cell morphology
    37 studies
  4. Cell cycle
    34 studies
  5. Cell viability
    34 studies
  6. Cell differentiation
    8 studies
  7. Cell orientation
    one study

Apoptosis/cell death 112 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Gökçen S et al. 2022 intact cell/cell culture, Caco 2 cells (human colon adenocarcinoma cell line) - 2.5 GHz - - GSM, mobile communications, CW continuous wave, RF field
Kruglik OV et al. 2013 intact cell/cell culture, EAC cells (Ehrlich ascites carcinoma) - 900 MHz - - mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Nikolova T et al. 2005 intact cell/cell culture, ES R1 cells (mouse embryonic stem cells) different effects (e.g. different transcript levels, genotoxicity, proliferation, apoptosis, cytotoxicity, mitochondrial function) 50 Hz–1.25 kHz 1.5 W/kg intermittent, 5 min on/30 min off, for 6 h and 48 h GSM, mobile communications, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line
Liu K et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) - 1,800 MHz 1–4 W/kg intermittent for 24 hours (5 min on and 10 min off) mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Zhang KY et al. 2017 intact cell/cell culture, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) - 1,950 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, RF field, co-exposure
Lee JS et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, HT22 (mouse hippocampus neuronal cells) cytotoxicity 837–1,950 MHz 2 W/kg continuous for 2 hours mobile phone, CDMA, W-CDMA, mobile communications, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure
Kim JH et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture, HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes cell line) - 1,760 MHz - - mobile communications, LTE, RF field
Goh J et al. 2024 intact cell/cell culture, HeLa (human cervical carcinoma cell line), Huh7 cells (hepatocellular carcinoma cells) and B103 cells (rat neuroblastoma cells) - 1.7 GHz - - mobile communications, LTE, RF field
Ozgur E et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, Hep G2 cells (hepatic transformed cell line) - 900 MHz 2 W/kg - mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Mortazavi SMJ et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, Jurkat cells (human lymphoblastoid T cells) - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, RF field
Palumbo R et al. 2008 intact cell/cell culture, Jurkat cells (human lymphoblastoid T cells) and human peripheral blood lymphocytes apoptosis 900 MHz 1.35–10.8 W/kg continuous for 1 h mobile communications, GSM
Merola P et al. 2006 intact cell/cell culture, LAN-5 (human neuroblastoma cells) cell proliferation; apoptosis, cell differentiation 900 MHz 1 W/kg continuous for 24, 48 and 72 h GSM, mobile communications
Cig B et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell line) apoptosis, cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration, generation of reactive oxygen species 900 MHz 0.18–0.58 mW/kg continuous for 1 hour mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz
Esmekaya MA et al. 2017 intact cell/cell culture, MCF-7 cells (human breast cancer cell line) apoptosis and underlying mechanisms of action 2.1 GHz 0.528 W/kg continuous for 4 or 24 hours W-CDMA, mobile phone, mobile communications, microwaves, RF field
Kahya MC et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, MDA-MB-231 cells (breast cancer cell line) - 900 MHz 0.36 W/kg - mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, co-exposure
Hook GJ et al. 2004 intact cell/cell culture, Molt-4 T (lymphoblastoid cells) DNA damage/DNA single-strand breaks, apoptosis 813.56 MHz 2.4 mW/kg–3.2 W/kg continuous for 2, 3 or 21 h iDEN, CDMA, FDMA, TDMA, mobile communications
Lantow M et al. 2006 intact cell/cell culture, Mono Mac 6 cells (human monocytes) cell cycle (cell cycle phase, proliferation, apoptosis, necrosis) 1,800 MHz 2 W/kg continuous for 12 h GSM, mobile communications
Hou Q et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, NIH3T3 cells (mouse fibroblast cell line) oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis in mouse embryonic fibroblasts 1,800 MHz 2 W/kg intermittent exposure (5 min on/10 min off) for 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6 or 8 hours mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Li DY et al. 2020 intact cell/cell culture, NIH3T3 cells (mouse fibroblast cell line) - 1,800 MHz - - mobile communications, RF field
Durdik M et al. 2019 intact cell/cell culture, Nabelschnurblut-Zellen - 890.2–1,947.4 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, UMTS, microwaves
Zeni O et al. 2012 intact cell/cell culture, PC-12 cells DNA damage, cell viability and apoptosis 1,950 MHz 10 W/kg continuous for 24 h UMTS, W-CDMA, mobile communications
Canseven AG et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, Raji cells (human Burkitt lymphoma cells) - 1,800 MHz - - GSM, mobile communications, co-exposure
Joubert V et al. 2006 intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) apoptosis 900 MHz 0.25–2 W/kg continuous for 24 h GSM, mobile communications, microwaves
Calabro E et al. 2012 intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) cellular stress response (heat shock protein expression, cell viability and apoptosis) 1,760 MHz 0.086 W/kg continuous for 2 h and 4 h mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Stefi AL et al. 2019 intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) - - - - mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Kim JH et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) - 1,760 MHz - - LTE, mobile communications
Zielinski J et al. 2020 intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line); N9 (murine microglial cells) - 935 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM, PW pulsed wave, RF field
Cao Y et al. 2009 intact cell/cell culture, SHG44 cells (human glioma cells) oxidative stress, cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis 900 MHz - continuous for 2 h/day on 3 days mobile phone, mobile communications, co-exposure
Yu G et al. 2023 intact cell/cell culture, Sertoli cells (rat), animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley - 2,605 MHz - - mobile communications, RF field, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF
Lin YY et al. 2017 intact cell/cell culture, TM3 cells (mouse Leydig cell line) - 1,950 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM, RF field
Lin YY et al. 2019 intact cell/cell culture, TM3 cells (mouse Leydig cell line) - 1,950 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM, microwaves
Liu YX et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, U251-MG, U87-MG, T98G and A127 (human glioblastoma cell lines) cellular parameters <i>in vitro</i> and tumorigenesis <i>in vivo</i> 1,950 MHz 5 W/kg continuous for 12 hours mobile phone, CDMA, mobile communications
Al-Serori H et al. 2017 intact cell/cell culture, U87 and U251 (human glioblastoma cell lines) - 1,950 MHz - - UMTS, mobile communications, RF field
Jin H et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture, animal, C57BL/6 mouse - 1.762 GHz - - mobile communications, LTE, co-exposure
Chen C et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, embryonic neural stem cells (mouse/BALB/c) differentiation, cell growth and cell viability of neural stem cells 1,800 MHz 1–4 W/kg intermittent for 1 to 3 days (5 min field on, 10 min field off) mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Naziroglu M et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, hippocampal neurons (from Wistar rats) - 900 MHz - - mobile phone, mobile communications
Lee SS et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, human adipose derived stem cells cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation 2.4 GHz 240 mW/kg continuous for 10 hours/day for 5 days mobile phone, mobile communications, W-LAN/WiFi
Esmekaya MA et al. 2013 intact cell/cell culture, human breast fibroblasts cell viability, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential 2.1 GHz 0.607 W/kg continuous for 4 or 24 hours W-CDMA, mobile communications, microwaves
Tomruk A et al. 2019 intact cell/cell culture, human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29 cells) - 1,800–2,600 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, LTE, UMTS, 4G
Gläser K et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) - 900–2,535 MHz - - mobile phone, GSM, UMTS, LTE, mobile communications
Gulati S et al. 2020 intact cell/cell culture, human lymphocytes - 1,923–1,977 MHz - - mobile communications, UMTS, mobile phone
Kayhan H et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) apoptosis and cell cycle progression 2.1 GHz 0.235–0.491 W/kg continuous for 24 hours W-CDMA, mobile communications, microwaves
Hoyto A et al. 2008 intact cell/cell culture, human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) and mouse fibroblasts (L929) cell proliferation, cell death 872 MHz 5 W/kg continuous for 1 or 24 h digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Caraglia M et al. 2005 intact cell/cell culture, human oropharyngeal epidermoid carcinoma KB cancer cell line (depend from the Ras --> Erk-mediated survival signaling that protect them from apoptotic stimuli) apoptosis 1.95 GHz 3.6 mW/g continuous for 1, 2 and 3 h or for 48 h mobile communications, microwaves
Capri M et al. 2004 intact cell/cell culture, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells effects on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential; heat shock protein 70) 1,800 MHz 1.4–2 W/kg intermittent, 10 min on/20 min off, for 44 h GSM, mobile communications
Sun C et al. 2023 intact cell/cell culture, immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts - 1,800 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, RF field, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF
Hoyto A et al. 2008 intact cell/cell culture, murine L929 fibroblast cells cell proliferation and apoptosis 872 MHz 5 W/kg 1 h and 24 h for ODC measurement, 24 h for proliferation measurement, 1 h for caspase-3 activity measurement GSM, mobile communications, RF field, CW continuous wave, PW pulsed wave
Moquet J et al. 2008 intact cell/cell culture, murine neuroblastoma cell line (N2a) apoptosis 935 MHz 2 W/kg continuous for 24 h digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Eghlidospour M et al. 2017 intact cell/cell culture, neural stem cells (mouse/BALB/c) - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM
Sanchez S et al. 2007 intact cell/cell culture, normal human epidermal keratinocytes and normal human dermal fibroblasts stress response (expression of heat shock proteins and apoptosis) 1,800 MHz 2 W/kg continuous for 48 h digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications