Study overviews

Mobile phone related articles are

Please note that a publication can be assigned to several endpoints, i.e. the sum of publications from the individual thematic points and subpoints can be greater than the total sum of actual publications.

Experimental studies on mobile communications

1696 studies in total
  1. Health
    738 studies
  2. DNA, proteins, and oxidative stress
    561 studies
  3. Brain
    511 studies
  4. Cells
    220 studies
  5. Other
    204 studies
  6. Cell functions
    118 studies

DNA, proteins, and oxidative stress

561 studies in total
  1. (Oxidative) stress response
    306 studies
  2. Genotoxicity
    198 studies
  3. Gene/protein expression (in general)
    118 studies
  4. Gene/protein expression (HSP)
    42 studies

Genotoxicity 198 studies in total

List view Background information
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Levengood WC 1987 invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> - - - continuous digital mobile phone, mobile communications, static magnetic field
Syldona M 2007 DNA/RNA DNA conformation - - 5 min mobile communications, mobile phone
Yadav AS et al. 2008 human nuclear anomalies - - - mobile communications, mobile phone, not extractable
Gandhi G et al. 2005 human, whole body, partial body: head DNA damage (chromosome aberration and micronuclei formation) - 0.1–1.92 W/kg 2.16 hr/day - 16 hr/day for up to 5 years mobile phone, mobile communications
Hintzsche H et al. 2010 human frequency of micronuclei - - up to 15 hr/week for up to 10 years and more mobile phone, mobile communications, microwaves, not extractable
Yildirim MS et al. 2010 human, whole body micronucleus formation and chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes - - - mobile phone base station, mobile communications, low level microwaves, not extractable
Liu C et al. 2013 intact cell/cell culture, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) DNA damage - 0.585–0.813 W/kg - mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, RF field, PW pulsed wave, co-exposure
Gulati S et al. 2016 - - - - - mobile phone base station, mobile communications
Daroit NB et al. 2015 - - - - - mobile phone, mobile communications
Banerjee S et al. 2016 human, partial body: head genotoxicity in oral mucosa - - mobile use for less than 5 years and less than 3 hours a week mobile phone, GSM, CDMA, mobile communications
Mokarram P et al. 2017 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley - - - - mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
de Oliveira FM et al. 2017 human - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone
D'Silva MH et al. 2017 animal, chicken embryos/Gallus domesticus (eggs) - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone, UHF fields
de Oliveira FM et al. 2017 human - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone
Akdag M et al. 2018 human - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone
Vanishree M et al. 2018 human - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone
Jooyan N et al. 2019 intact cell/cell culture, CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells - - - - mobile communications, GSM
Schuermann D et al. 2020 intact cell/cell culture - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, UMTS, W-LAN/WiFi, RF field, EAS/RFID
Panagopoulos DJ 2020 intact cell/cell culture, human lymphocytes - - - - mobile communications, UMTS, mobile phone, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure
Gandhi G et al. 2015 human - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone
D'Silva MH et al. 2021 animal, hen eggs (<i>Gallus domesticus</i> ) - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, UMTS
Kadeh H et al. 2023 human - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone
Panagopoulos DJ 2024 intact cell/cell culture, human peripheral blood lymphocytes - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone, UMTS, 4G, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure
Sangle V et al. 2023 human - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, CDMA
Yao K et al. 2008 intact cell/cell culture, SRA01/04-hLEC (human eye lens epithelial cells) DNA damage, intracellular reactive oxygen species formation 30–90 Hz 1–4 W/kg intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off, for 2 h digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, microwaves
Belyaev IY et al. 2005 intact cell/cell culture chromatin conformation and 53BP1 foci formation (DNA damage), apoptosis 50 Hz 37 mW/kg continuous for 2 h GSM, mobile communications, microwaves, 50/60 Hz
Duan W et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) DNA damage 50 Hz 1–4 W/kg intermittent 5 min field on and 10 min field off for 24 h GSM, mobile communications, RF field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Nikolova T et al. 2005 intact cell/cell culture, ES R1 cells (mouse embryonic stem cells) different effects (e.g. different transcript levels, genotoxicity, proliferation, apoptosis, cytotoxicity, mitochondrial function) 50 Hz–1.25 kHz 1.5 W/kg intermittent, 5 min on/30 min off, for 6 h and 48 h GSM, mobile communications, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line
Maes A et al. 2006 blood samples, human, whole body DNA damage (comet assay, sister chromatid exchange and chromosome aberrations) 147.25–900 MHz - repeated daily exposure, at least 1 h/day for 2.3 years (on average) mobile phone base station, mobile communications, microwaves, millimeter waves, occupational
Antonopoulos A et al. 1998 intact cell/cell culture frequency of sister-chromatid exchange, velocity of cell cycle 380 MHz 82.9–1,700 mW/kg continuous for 48, 52, 56, 64, and 68 h mobile communications, GSM
Eberle P et al. 1996 intact cell/cell culture mutations in genes and chromosomes, cell proliferation 440 MHz - continuous for 70, 50, or 39 h mobile communications, GSM, C-Net
Maes A et al. 1995 intact cell/cell culture, human, whole body chromosome aberrations 450–900 MHz 1.5 W/kg continuous for 2 h mobile communications, mobile phone base station
Maes A et al. 2000 blood samples chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchan 455.7 MHz 6.5 W/kg continuous for 2 h analog mobile phone, mobile communications, microwaves
Gandhi G et al. 2005 human, whole body DNA and chromosome damage 800–2,000 MHz 0.59–1.56 W/kg 1 h - 15 h per day for 1 year to 5 years mobile phone, GSM, CDMA, mobile communications
Sharma A et al. 2024 plant, onion (<i>Allium cepa</i> L.) - 800–2,300 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone base station
Hook GJ et al. 2004 intact cell/cell culture, Molt-4 T (lymphoblastoid cells) DNA damage/DNA single-strand breaks, apoptosis 813.56 MHz 2.4 mW/kg–3.2 W/kg continuous for 2, 3 or 21 h iDEN, CDMA, FDMA, TDMA, mobile communications
Phillips JL et al. 1998 intact cell/cell culture, Molt-4 cells single-strand breaks (comet assay) 813.5625 MHz 2.4–26 µW/g intermittent 20 min on/off for 2, 3 and 21 hours iDEN, NADC, TDMA, mobile communications
Mashevich M et al. 2003 intact cell/cell culture loss and gain of chromosome 17; aneuploidy 830 MHz 2–8.2 W/kg continuous for 72 h mobile communications, mobile phone
Ferreira AR et al. 2006 animal, rat/Wistar, whole body chromosome damage 834 MHz 1.23 W/kg repeated daily exposure, 8.5 h/day, throughout pregnancy analog mobile phone, mobile communications
Chang SK et al. 2005 bacterium, <i>Escherichia coli</i>/WP2uvrA; <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>/TA 98, TA 100, TA 102, TA 1535 and TA 1537 occurrency of revertants, DNA stability 835 MHz 4 W/kg continuous for 48 h mobile communications, mobile phone, CDMA
Tiwari R et al. 2008 blood samples DNA damage 835 MHz 1.17 W/kg continuous for 1 h and 2 h mobile communications, mobile phone, digital mobile phone, CDMA
Malyapa RS et al. 1997 intact cell/cell culture, C3H 10T1/2 cells (derived from mouse embryo fibroblasts) and U87MG (human glioblastoma cells) DNA damage (comet assay) 835.62 MHz 0.6 W/kg continuous for 2, 4 or 24 h mobile communications, CDMA, RF field, CW continuous wave
Vijayalaxmi et al. 2001 human blood samples chromosomal aberration and micronuclei formation 835.62 MHz 4.4–5 W/kg continuous for 24 h mobile communications, FDMA, CW continuous wave
Li L et al. 2001 intact cell/cell culture, C3H 10T1/2 cells (derived from mouse embryo fibroblasts) DNA damage 835.62 MHz 3.2–5.1 W/kg continuous for 2 or 4 h mobile communications, CDMA, FDMA
Bisht KS et al. 2002 intact cell/cell culture, C3H 10T1/2 cells (derived from mouse embryo fibroblasts) formation of micronuclei 835.62 MHz 3.2–5.1 W/kg continuous for 3, 8,16, or 24 h CDMA, FDMA, mobile communications
Cain CD et al. 1997 intact cell/cell culture, C3H 10T1/2 and UV/TDT10e (10e) cells (mouse fibroblast cells) <i>in vitro</i> carcinogenesis/focus formation 836.55 MHz 0.15–15 µW/g 20 min on - 20 min off, 24 h/day for 28 days TDMA, mobile communications, RF field, PW pulsed wave
Tice RR et al. 2002 intact cell/cell culture DNA and chromosomal damage 837 MHz 1–10 W/kg continuous for 3 or 24 h GSM, CDMA, TDMA, mobile communications
Hook GJ 2001 intact cell/cell culture, human peripheral blood lymphocytes - 837–1,909.8 MHz - - mobile communications, analog mobile phone, PCS, TDMA, CDMA, microwaves
Vijayalaxmi et al. 2001 human blood samples formation of micronuclei and chromosomal aberration 847.74 MHz 4.9–5.5 W/kg continuous for 24 h mobile communications, CDMA
Juutilainen J et al. 2007 animal, mouse/CBA/S and transgenic of the line K2 (over-expressing the human ODC gene) and non-transgenic littermate, whole body formation of micronuclei 849 MHz 0.35–1.5 W/kg repeated daily exposure, 1.5 h/day, 5 days/week, for 78 weeks analog mobile phone, digital mobile phone, GSM, NMT, D-AMPS, mobile communications