Mobile phone related articles are
Please note that a publication can be assigned to several endpoints, i.e. the sum of publications from the individual thematic points and subpoints can be greater than the total sum of actual publications.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Belyaev IY et al. | 2009 | intact cell/cell culture | genotoxic effects and stress response | 905–915 MHz | 37–40 mW/kg | 1 h | mobile communications, digital mobile phone, GSM, UMTS |
Sannino A et al. | 2009 | intact cell/cell culture | DNA damage (micronucleus formation) | 900 MHz | 1.25–10 W/kg | continuous for 20 h | mobile phone, mobile communications, RF field |
Sannino A et al. | 2009 | intact cell/cell culture | DNA damage | 900 MHz | 1 W/kg | continuous for 1 h or 24 h | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, RF field, co-exposure |
Zhijian C et al. | 2009 | intact cell/cell culture | DNA damage and DNA repair | 1.8 GHz | 2 W/kg | 5 min on - 10 min off, for 24 hr | GSM, mobile communications, RF field, co-exposure |
Xu S et al. | 2010 | intact cell/cell culture | oxidative DNA damage | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | 5 min on - 10 min off - for 24 hr | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, RF field, PW pulsed wave |
Hansteen IL et al. | 2009 | intact cell/cell culture | DNA damage (chromosome aberrations) | 2.3 GHz | - | one cell cycle | mobile phone, mobile communications, RF field, CW continuous wave, PW pulsed wave, co-exposure |
Sannino A et al. | 2011 | intact cell/cell culture | DNA damage (micronucleus formation) | 900 MHz | 1.25–10 W/kg | continuous for 20 h | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, RF field |
Karaca E et al. | 2012 | intact cell/cell culture | DNA damage (micronucleus assay), gene expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes | 10.715 GHz | 0.725 W/kg | continuous for 6 h per day for 3 days | mobile phone, mobile communications, RF field, microwaves |
Zeni O et al. | 2012 | intact cell/cell culture | micronucleus formation | 1,950 MHz | 0.15–1.25 W/kg | continuous for 20 h | digital mobile phone, UMTS, W-CDMA, mobile communications |
Li R et al. | 2018 | intact cell/cell culture | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, GSM, RF field |
Houston BJ et al. | 2018 | intact cell/cell culture | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Schuermann D et al. | 2020 | intact cell/cell culture | - | - | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, UMTS, W-LAN/WiFi, RF field, EAS/RFID |
Choi J et al. | 2020 | intact cell/cell culture | - | 1.7 GHz | - | - | LTE, mobile communications |
Sakuma N et al. | 2006 | intact cell/cell culture, A172 (human glioblastoma cells) and IMR90 fibroblasts (from fetal lungs) | DNA damage | 2.1425 GHz | 80–800 mW/kg | continuous for 2 or 24 hours | UMTS, mobile communications |
Cain CD et al. | 1997 | intact cell/cell culture, C3H 10T1/2 and UV/TDT10e (10e) cells (mouse fibroblast cells) | <i>in vitro</i> carcinogenesis/focus formation | 836.55 MHz | 0.15–15 µW/g | 20 min on - 20 min off, 24 h/day for 28 days | TDMA, mobile communications, RF field, PW pulsed wave |
Li L et al. | 2001 | intact cell/cell culture, C3H 10T1/2 cells (derived from mouse embryo fibroblasts) | DNA damage | 835.62 MHz | 3.2–5.1 W/kg | continuous for 2 or 4 h | mobile communications, CDMA, FDMA |
Bisht KS et al. | 2002 | intact cell/cell culture, C3H 10T1/2 cells (derived from mouse embryo fibroblasts) | formation of micronuclei | 835.62 MHz | 3.2–5.1 W/kg | continuous for 3, 8,16, or 24 h | CDMA, FDMA, mobile communications |
Malyapa RS et al. | 1997 | intact cell/cell culture, C3H 10T1/2 cells (derived from mouse embryo fibroblasts) and U87MG (human glioblastoma cells) | DNA damage (comet assay) | 835.62 MHz | 0.6 W/kg | continuous for 2, 4 or 24 h | mobile communications, CDMA, RF field, CW continuous wave |
Xu S et al. | 2013 | intact cell/cell culture, CHL (Chinese hamster lung) cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), primary newborn rat astrocytes, human amniotic epithelial cells, human lens epithelial cells (HLEC), human skin fibroblasts | DNA damage, DNA double strand breaks | 1,800 MHz | 3 W/kg | intermittent for 1 h or 24 h (5 min "on", 10 min "off") | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Jooyan N et al. | 2019 | intact cell/cell culture, CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells | - | - | - | - | mobile communications, GSM |
Jooyan N et al. | 2024 | intact cell/cell culture, CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, GSM, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure |
Nikolova T et al. | 2005 | intact cell/cell culture, ES R1 cells (mouse embryonic stem cells) | different effects (e.g. different transcript levels, genotoxicity, proliferation, apoptosis, cytotoxicity, mitochondrial function) | 50 Hz–1.25 kHz | 1.5 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/30 min off, for 6 h and 48 h | GSM, mobile communications, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line |
Speit G et al. | 2007 | intact cell/cell culture, ES-1 (human diploid fibroblasts) and V79 (Chinese hamster fibroblast cells) | comet assay and formation of micronuclei | 1,800 MHz | 1–2 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off, for 1, 4, 18, and 24 h | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Schwarz C et al. | 2008 | intact cell/cell culture, ES-1, IH-9, HW-2 (human diploid fibroblasts) and lymphocytes | formation of micronuclei | 1,950 MHz | 0.05–2 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | digital mobile phone, UMTS, mobile communications |
Schrader T et al. | 2011 | intact cell/cell culture, FC2 cells (human-hamster hybrid (AL)) cells | spindle disturbance | 900 MHz | 10.7–17.2 mW/kg | continuous for 0.5 h | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, RF field, electric field, magnetic field |
Liu C et al. | 2013 | intact cell/cell culture, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) | DNA damage, oxidative stress | 1,800 MHz | 1–4 W/kg | intermittent (5 min on, 10 min off) for 24 hours | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Liu C et al. | 2013 | intact cell/cell culture, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) | DNA damage | - | 0.585–0.813 W/kg | - | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, RF field, PW pulsed wave, co-exposure |
Duan W et al. | 2015 | intact cell/cell culture, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) | DNA damage | 50 Hz | 1–4 W/kg | intermittent 5 min field on and 10 min field off for 24 h | GSM, mobile communications, RF field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Diem E et al. | 2005 | intact cell/cell culture, GFSH-R17 (transformed rat granulosa cells) and human diploid fibroblasts | DNA single-strand breaks and double-strand breaks | 1,800 MHz | 1.2–2 W/kg | continuous for 4, 16 and 24 h | GSM, mobile communications |
Huang TQ et al. | 2008 | intact cell/cell culture, HEI-OC1 cells (immortalized mouse auditory hair cells) | cell cycle, DNA damage, stress response, and gene expression | 1,763 MHz | 20 W/kg | continuous for 24 h and 48 h | mobile communications, mobile phone, CDMA |
Speit G et al. | 2013 | intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) | comet assay and formation of micronuclei | 1,800 MHz | 1.3–10 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off for 24 h | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Sun Y et al. | 2017 | intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, RF field, wireless transmitter |
Zhijian C et al. | 2010 | intact cell/cell culture, HMy2.CIR (human B-cell lymphoblastoid cells) | DNA damage and DNA repair | 1.8 GHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for up to 28 h | GSM, mobile communications, RF field, PW pulsed wave |
Valbonesi P et al. | 2008 | intact cell/cell culture, HTR-8/SVneo (human trophoblast cell line) | comet assay, gene and protein expression | 1,817 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 1 h | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Franzellitti S et al. | 2010 | intact cell/cell culture, HTR-8/SVneo (human trophoblast cell line) | DNA damage | 1.8 GHz | 2 W/kg | 5 min on / 10 min off - for 4 hr, 16 hr or 24 hr | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, AM amplitude modulation, CW continuous wave, PW pulsed wave |
Hintzsche H et al. | 2012 | intact cell/cell culture, HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes) and human-hamster hybrid (A<sub>L</sub>) cells | genomic damage and mitotic disturbances | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 30 min (both cell types) or 22 h (A<sub>L</sub> cells only) | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, microwaves, CW continuous wave, PW pulsed wave |
Ravaioli F et al. | 2023 | intact cell/cell culture, HeLa cells, neuroblastoma BE(2)C cells and neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, GSM, RF field |
Moraitis N et al. | 2015 | intact cell/cell culture, Jurkat cells (human lymphoblastoid T cells) | DNA damage in cells | 1,966 MHz | - | continuous for 10 minutes | UMTS, mobile communications, CW continuous wave |
Hook GJ et al. | 2004 | intact cell/cell culture, Molt-4 T (lymphoblastoid cells) | DNA damage/DNA single-strand breaks, apoptosis | 813.56 MHz | 2.4 mW/kg–3.2 W/kg | continuous for 2, 3 or 21 h | iDEN, CDMA, FDMA, TDMA, mobile communications |
Phillips JL et al. | 1998 | intact cell/cell culture, Molt-4 cells | single-strand breaks (comet assay) | 813.5625 MHz | 2.4–26 µW/g | intermittent 20 min on/off for 2, 3 and 21 hours | iDEN, NADC, TDMA, mobile communications |
Hou Q et al. | 2015 | intact cell/cell culture, NIH3T3 cells (mouse fibroblast cell line) | oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis in mouse embryonic fibroblasts | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | intermittent exposure (5 min on/10 min off) for 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6 or 8 hours | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Durdik M et al. | 2019 | intact cell/cell culture, Nabelschnurblut-Zellen | - | 890.2–1,947.4 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, UMTS, microwaves |
Wang X et al. | 2015 | intact cell/cell culture, Neuro-2a (mouse neuroblastoma) cells | DNA damage, oxidative stress and cell viability | 900 MHz | 0.5–2 W/kg | continuous for 24 hours | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, co-exposure |
Zeni O et al. | 2012 | intact cell/cell culture, PC-12 cells | DNA damage, cell viability and apoptosis | 1,950 MHz | 10 W/kg | continuous for 24 h | UMTS, W-CDMA, mobile communications |
Luukkonen J et al. | 2009 | intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) | DNA damage, production of reactive oxygen species | 872 MHz | 5 W/kg | continuous for 1 h | GSM, mobile communications, RF field, CW continuous wave, co-exposure |
Luukkonen J et al. | 2010 | intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) | DNA damage, reactive oxygen species production | 872 MHz | 5 W/kg | continuous for 1 h for the ROS production experiment; continuous for 3 hr for the comet assay experiment | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, RF field, CW continuous wave, PW pulsed wave |
Falone S et al. | 2018 | intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) | - | 1,950 MHz | - | - | UMTS, mobile communications |
Sannino A et al. | 2022 | intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) | - | 1,950 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, UMTS, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure |
Sannino A et al. | 2022 | intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line); SH-SY5Y CRISPR cells | - | 1,950 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, UMTS, co-exposure |
Lixia S et al. | 2006 | intact cell/cell culture, SRA01/04-hLEC (human eye lens epithelial cells) | comet assay, stress response/gene expression, cell proliferation | 1.8 GHz | 1–3 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | digital mobile phone, GSM, TDMA, mobile communications |
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