研究のタイプ: 医学／生物学の研究 (experimental study)

[主観的愁訴のある人および無い人を被験者とした安寧および認知機能に対するGSM無線周波電磁界の影響] med./bio.

Effects of Global Communication system radio-frequency fields on Well Being and Cognitive Functions of human subjects with and without subjective complaints

著者: Zwamborn APM, Vossen SHJ, van Leersum BJA, Ouwens MA, Makel WN
Netherleands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO)
2003, TNO report, FEL-03-C148: 1-89
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この研究は、”TNOレポート”と呼ばれるオランダ応用科学研究機構（TNO）の報告書として公表されたものである（本文60ページ：報告書番号FEL03C148）。GSMおよびUMTS様電磁界ばく露がある状態と無い状態において、電磁過敏症者の一般的な症状および認知機能をボランティア実験で調べた。研究デザインは、二重盲検試験、クロスオーバー試験で、被験者72人は、36人の自己申告の電磁過敏症者、36人の非電磁過敏症者である。実験した電磁界のばく露条件は、パルス化945 MHz（20分間の連続ばく露）、パルス化1840 MHz（20分間の連続ばく露）、2450 MHz連続波（20分間の連続ばく露）の3種類で、身体組織10 g平均SARの最大値はそれぞれ、0.045、0.082、0.078 mW/ kg、身体の一部分で平均したSARはそれぞれ、0.000513、0.000383、0.000316 µW/ kgであった。ばく露セッションおよび擬似ばく露セッションにおいて、認知タスク（反応時間タスク、二重課題テスト、視覚選択的注意タスク、記憶比較テスト、課題無関係情報排除効率テスト）、主観的不定愁訴および安寧に関する質問票への記入を行わせた。結果として、1 V / mの電界強度のUMTS様電磁界と安寧度への影響との間に統計的に有意な関係が見られた；ただし、全体的に安寧度は低かった；さらに、多くの重要な影響が認知タスクで見られた、と報告している。

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研究目的（著者による）

To study general symptoms and cognitive functions with and without exposure to GSM and UMTS-like fields in subjects presenting with complaints subjectively attributed to GSM fields.

詳細情報

This study is the so-called TNO study.
72 subjects (36 self-reported electrosensitive, 36 non-electrosensitive subjects) participated.

影響評価項目

ばく露

ばく露 パラメータ
ばく露1: 945 MHz
Modulation type: pulsed
ばく露時間: continuous for 20 min
  • 電界強度: 1 V/m peak
  • 電界強度: 0.71 V/m effective value
  • SAR: 0.045 mW/kg maximum (10 g)
  • SAR: 0.000513 µW/kg average over mass (partial body)
ばく露2: 1,840 MHz
Modulation type: pulsed
ばく露時間: continuous for 20 min
  • 電界強度: 1 V/m peak
  • 電界強度: 0.71 V/m effective value
  • SAR: 0.082 mW/kg maximum (10 g)
  • SAR: 0.000383 µW/kg average over mass (partial body)
ばく露3: 2,140 MHz
ばく露時間: continuous for 20 min
  • 電界強度: 1 V/m peak
  • 電界強度: 1 V/m effective value
  • SAR: 0.078 mW/kg maximum (10 g)
  • SAR: 0.064 mW/kg maximum (10 g) (front illumination)
  • SAR: 0.000316 µW/kg average over mass (partial body)
  • SAR: 0.000327 µW/kg average over mass (partial body) (front illumination)

General information

The design of the study was a completely balanced double-blind randomized three-way crossover evaluation where study subjects were allocated to exposure sessions according to a balanced block randomization (for both groups, 18 blocks of 2 subjects each) taking into account all exposure sequences. After a first training session, each subject participated in three consecutive experimental sessions with one sham (in any case) and two different RF exposures to 900, 1800, or 2100 MHz EMF.

ばく露1

主たる特性
周波数 945 MHz
タイプ
  • electromagnetic field
特性
  • far field
ばく露時間 continuous for 20 min
Modulation
Modulation type pulsed
Pulse width 577 µs
Repetition frequency 217 Hz
Additional information

GSM signal with time slots 0-3 on and 4-7 off resulting in an overall duty cycle of 50%
ばく露装置
ばく露の発生源／構造
Distance between exposed object and exposure source 3 m
チャンバの詳細 Two antennas were placed on a tripod, one antenna transmitting UMTS-like fields while the other was a dual band antenna transmitting GSM 900 MHz as well as DCS 1800 MHz fields. The amplifier and antenna combination was selected by a coaxial switch box.
ばく露装置の詳細 The subjects were seated at a desk with their right (?) side turned to the antennas that were at a distance of 3 m from the body axis with their centre at a height of 1.5 m.
Sham exposure A sham exposure was conducted.
パラメータ
測定量 値 種別 Method Mass 備考
電界強度 1 V/m peak 測定値 - -
電界強度 0.71 V/m effective value 測定値 - -
SAR 0.045 mW/kg maximum 計算値 10 g -
SAR 0.000513 µW/kg average over mass 計算値 partial body -
Additional parameter details

The SAR values indicated are local maximum and total average in the head with side illumination.

測定および計算の詳細

Field verification measurements were performed before the experiments by placing an isotropic electric field probe at the planned position of the test subjects. A monitor probe in front of the antennas was used for field verification and logging during the experiments. The SAR calculations were performed using a global numerical method called the three-dimensional volume integral equation or the WCG-FFT method [Zwamborn and van den Berg, 1992] and assuming a vertically polarized homogeneous plane wave.

ばく露2

主たる特性
周波数 1,840 MHz
タイプ
  • electromagnetic field
特性
  • far field
ばく露時間 continuous for 20 min
Modulation
Modulation type pulsed
Pulse width 577 µs
Repetition frequency 217 Hz
Additional information

GSM signal with time slots 0-3 on and 4-7 off resulting in an overall duty cycle of 50%
ばく露装置
ばく露の発生源／構造
  • E1と同じ装置
Sham exposure A sham exposure was conducted.
パラメータ
測定量 値 種別 Method Mass 備考
電界強度 1 V/m peak 測定値 - -
電界強度 0.71 V/m effective value 測定値 - -
SAR 0.082 mW/kg maximum 計算値 10 g -
SAR 0.000383 µW/kg average over mass 計算値 partial body -

ばく露3

主たる特性
周波数 2,140 MHz
タイプ
  • electromagnetic field
特性
  • far field
ばく露時間 continuous for 20 min
Modulation
Modulation type cf. additional information
Additional information

The UMTS signal simulated the downlink settings of a base station with the following frames transmitted: P-SCH, S-SCH, P-CCPCH and CPICH. The chiprate (clock frequency) was 3.84 MHz.
ばく露装置
ばく露の発生源／構造
  • E1と同じ装置
  • but UMTS antenna
Sham exposure A sham exposure was conducted.
パラメータ
測定量 値 種別 Method Mass 備考
電界強度 1 V/m peak 測定値 - -
電界強度 1 V/m effective value 測定値 - -
SAR 0.078 mW/kg maximum 計算値 10 g -
SAR 0.064 mW/kg maximum 計算値 10 g front illumination
SAR 0.000316 µW/kg average over mass 計算値 partial body -
SAR 0.000327 µW/kg average over mass 計算値 partial body front illumination

Reference articles

ばく露を受けた生物:

方法 影響評価項目／測定パラメータ／方法

研究対象とした生物試料:
研究対象とした臓器系:
調査の時期:
  • ばく露前
  • ばく露中
  • ばく露後

研究の主なアウトカム（著者による）

A statistically significant relation between UMTS-like fields with a field strength of 1 V/m and an effect on the well-being was found (lower overall well-being). Further, a number of significant effects was revealed in the cognitive tasks.

研究の種別:

研究助成

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