研究のタイプ: 医学／生物学の研究 (experimental study)

[携帯電話の弱い電磁界（GSM,UMTS）が安寧度および安静時脳波に与える影響] med./bio.

Effects of weak mobile phone - electromagnetic fields (GSM, UMTS) on well-being and resting EEG

著者: Kleinlogel H, Dierks T, Koenig T, Lehmann H, Minder A, Berz R
掲載誌: Bioelectromagnetics 2008; 29 (6): 479-487
RISフォーマットで参考文献をダウンロード

背景：最新の携帯電話機が放射する900から2000MHzの範囲の電磁界は、携帯電話使用者の安寧、注意、神経学的パラメータに影響があることが示唆されている。これまでGSMについては多くの研究が行われているが、UMTSに関するものはほとんど行われていない。目的：1950 MHz UMTS (SARは0.1 および1 W/kg) と900 MHzパルス波GSM (1 W/kg)の2種の電磁界について、安寧度および覚醒度を制御した安静時脳波（閉眼）への影響を調べること。方法：被験者は健常で右利きの15人。二重盲検、無作為、交差法の検査手順が用いられた。結果：UMTS群、GSM群のいずれにおいても、測定したパラメータに擬似ばく露群に比較して有意な変化は生じなかった。健康な携帯電話使用者に対する電磁界の有害な影響を示す証拠は得られなかった。

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研究目的（著者による）

To study the effects of 1950 MHz UMTS (SAR 0.1 and 1 W/kg) and pulsed 900 MHz GSM (1 W/kg) electromagnetic fields on well-being and vigilance-controlled resting electroencephalogram (eyes closed) in 15 healthy subjects.

詳細情報

Each subject performed five sessions at 1-week intervals, each at the same day and the same time.

影響評価項目

ばく露

ばく露 パラメータ
ばく露1: 0.9 GHz
Modulation type: pulsed
ばく露時間: continuous for about 30 min
  • SAR: 1 W/kg maximum (10 g) (spatial peak in the head)
ばく露2: 1.95 GHz
ばく露時間: continuous for about 30 min
  • SAR: 0.1 W/kg maximum (10 g) (spatial peak in the head (UMTS weak))
  • SAR: 1 W/kg maximum (10 g) (spatial peak in the head (GSM and UMTS high))

General information

Each subject performed one training and four exposure sessions at 1-week intervals, each at the same day and time. Computer controlled EMF or sham exposure (four conditions) was applied in a double-blind randomized crossover design. Schuller M, Streckert J, Menzel K, Eicher B. 2000. Proposal for generic GSM test signal. Abstract Book of the 22nd Annual Meeting of the Bioelectromagnetics Society. Munich, Germany; 11-16 June 2000. 122-123.

ばく露1

主たる特性
周波数 0.9 GHz
タイプ
  • electromagnetic field
ばく露時間 continuous for about 30 min
Modulation
Modulation type pulsed
Duty cycle 87.5 %
Additional information

GMSK (Gaussian minimum shift keying) signal modulated with a pseudo GSM test signal including all pulse frequencies of 2, 8, 217, and 1736 Hz typical for handsets and base stations, as described by Schuller et al. [2000] and used by Borbely et al. [1999]
ばく露装置
ばく露の発生源／構造
  • small broadband antenna
ばく露装置の詳細 Subjects were exposed by a small broadband antenna placed like a mobile phone directly over the left ear.
Sham exposure A sham exposure was conducted.
Additional information The RF or sham exposure period was preceded by 4 min and followed by 6 min of recording under sham exposure.
パラメータ
測定量 値 種別 Method Mass 備考
SAR 1 W/kg maximum 測定値 10 g spatial peak in the head
Additional parameter details

The experimental room provided effective shielding from environmental electromagnetic fields. The background EMF from 5 Hz to 30 kHz was lower than 50 nT and from 30 kHz to 3 GHz less than 1.6 mV/m.

測定および計算の詳細

The incoming and reflected signals were monitored using a power meter. Maximum power deviations of 2.3% were measured throughout the experiments. SAR efficiency was measured using a dosimetric assessment system (DASY4) and the Specific Anthropomorphic Mannequin (SAM) phantom standardised by CENELEC in EN50361 (2001). The expanded measurement uncertainty (2 σ) was ±20%. The SAR distribution in the SAM phantom was also simulated using the FDTD method. SAR values did not exceed one half of the limit proposed by ICNIRP (1998) for localized exposure. Therefore, no critical increase of temperature was reached.

ばく露2

主たる特性
周波数 1.95 GHz
タイプ
  • electromagnetic field
ばく露時間 continuous for about 30 min
Additional information UMTS
Modulation
Modulation type cf. additional information
Additional information

generic UMTS handset-like W-CDMA test signal with 45-s fast power control of 1500 Hz and 15-s fading characteristics [Ndoumbe Mbonjo et al., 2004]
ばく露装置
ばく露の発生源／構造
  • E1と同じ装置
パラメータ
測定量 値 種別 Method Mass 備考
SAR 0.1 W/kg maximum 測定値 10 g spatial peak in the head (UMTS weak)
SAR 1 W/kg maximum 測定値 10 g spatial peak in the head (GSM and UMTS high)

Reference articles

ばく露を受けた生物:

方法 影響評価項目／測定パラメータ／方法

研究対象とした生物試料:
研究対象とした臓器系:
調査の時期:
  • ばく露前
  • ばく露中
  • ばく露後

研究の主なアウトカム（著者による）

Neither the UMTS nor the GSM electromagnetic fields produced any significant changes in the measured parameters compared to sham exposure. The data do not give any evidence for a deleterious effect of the electromagnetic fields on healthy mobile phone users.

研究の種別:

研究助成

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