研究のタイプ: 医学／生物学の研究 (experimental study)

[植物細胞の遺伝子活性は、UMTS-照射に影響を受けるか？全ゲノム研究] med./bio.

Is gene activity in plant cells affected by UMTS-irradiation? A whole genome approach

著者: Engelmann JC, Deeken R, Müller T, Nimtz G, Roelfsema MRG, Hedrich R
掲載誌: Adv Appl Bioinform Chem 2008; 1: 71-83
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この研究は、無線周波（RF）電磁界ばく露を受けた植物細胞の生理学的プロセスを調べた。シロイヌナズナ（Arabidopsis thaliana）の細胞懸濁液培養に、都市環境の典型的なマイクロ波ばく露を代表するRF電磁界プロトコルでの24時間ばく露を行なった。ばく露群と対照群から得たmRNAを用いて、Affymetrix社のシロイヌナズナ全ゲノムマイクロアレイ（ATH1アレイ）をハイブリダイズして遺伝子発現を定量した。その結果、差次的発現分析で、10個の遺伝子の転写における有意な変化が示されたが、2.5倍超えた変化のものはなかった；それらのうち3つは暗誘導遺伝子であることに加え、それらの機能は植物の既知の環境刺激応答を示唆していない；これらの遺伝子の転写の変化を、公開マイクロアレイデータセットと比較すると、光処理実験とマイクロ波の弱い類似性が浮かび上がった；しかし、公表実験に記載されている大きな変化に照らし合わせると、24時間の連続マイクロ波ばく露によって引き起こされる小さな変化が、植物全体の成長と繁殖に何らかの影響を与えるかどうかは疑問である、と報告している。

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研究目的（著者による）

In search for possible targets of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in plant cells, a whole genome approach was undertaken: cell suspension cultures of Arabidopsis thaliana were exposed for 24 h to a radiofrequency field representing typical microwave exposure in an urban environment.

詳細情報

Arabidopsis thaliana is a model plant for molecular biology.
The hybridization of a total of eight microarrays was performed (four arrays were hybridized with RNA from microwave exposed and another four arrays with RNA from microwave shielded cells). For each array, RNA extracted from one subculture was used for hybridization, resulting in four replicates for each treatment group.

影響評価項目

ばく露

ばく露 パラメータ
ばく露1: 1.9 GHz
Modulation type: CW
ばく露時間: continuous for 24 h
  • 電界強度: 174 V/m average over time
  • 電界強度: 275 V/m peak
  • SAR: 2 W/g peak (cf. remarks) (50 ml)
  • SAR: 0.75 W/g average over mass (cf. remarks) (50 ml)
  • 電力密度: 20 mW/cm² peak
  • 電力密度: 8 mW/cm² average over time (considerably higher than the recommended value for UMTS (s. guideline 1998))

ばく露1

主たる特性
周波数 1.9 GHz
タイプ
  • electromagnetic field
特性
  • far field
偏波
  • linear
ばく露時間 continuous for 24 h
Modulation
Modulation type CW
Additional information

control channel with 1.5 kHz modulation and 6 data channels 3 dB up and down power modulation for 45 s and 30 dB periodic attenuation during 15.3 s, resulting in a total period of 60.3 s
ばく露装置
ばく露の発生源／構造
ばく露装置の詳細 flasks placed on a rotary shaker which surface was covered with RF-absorbers; for control experiments flask placed inside a Faraday cage on the same rotary shaker
パラメータ
測定量 値 種別 Method Mass 備考
電界強度 174 V/m average over time 測定値 - -
電界強度 275 V/m peak 測定値 - -
SAR 2 W/g peak - cf. remarks 50 ml
SAR 0.75 W/g average over mass - cf. remarks 50 ml
電力密度 20 mW/cm² peak - - -
電力密度 8 mW/cm² average over time - - considerably higher than the recommended value for UMTS (s. guideline 1998)
Additional parameter details

peak power transmitted for 37.5 % of the exposure time

Reference articles

ばく露を受けた生物:

方法 影響評価項目／測定パラメータ／方法

研究対象とした生物試料:
調査の時期:
  • ばく露後

研究の主なアウトカム（著者による）

Overall, the authors conclude that radiofrequency fields used in mobile phone communication have no dramatic effect on the gene activity of plant cells in suspension culture. Only 10 genes displayed an altered transcription level after exposure and the alterations did not exceed a 2.5-fold reduction or increase in gene activity. It is unlikely that these small changes in gene activity of very few genes will have pronounced effects on the physiology of plant cells (especially if compared to other large changes described in published experiments). Besides that 3 of the affected genes are dark-inducible, the functions of the genes do not point to any known responses of plants to environmental stimuli. Additionally, cells of a suspension culture do not resemble autotrophically growing plants in every respect and their responses to radiofrequency fields may differ from those of intact plants.

研究の種別:

研究助成

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