Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gorlitz BD et al. | 2005 | 動物, mouse/B6C3F1, 全身 | induction of micronuclei | 902–1,747 MHz | 0.33–33.2 mW/g | repeated daily exposure, 2 h/day, for 5 days | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Ziemann C et al. | 2009 | 動物, mouse/B6C3F1/CrlBR, 全身 | formation of micronuclei | 902 MHz | 0.14–4 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day, 5 days/weeks for 2 years (see also add. information for exp. setup) | 移動体通信システム, デジタル携帯電話, GSM |
Zahedifar Z et al. | 2013 | 動物, mouse/BALB/c | - | 940 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, マイクロ波, 共ばく露 |
Khalil AM et al. | 2011 | 動物, mouse/BALB/c, 全身 | DNA damage/oxidative stress (levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine in serum, brain and spleen) | 900 MHz | 1 W/kg | 30 min/day for 30 days | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Takahashi S et al. | 2002 | 動物, mouse/Big Blue (BBM, transgenic for the <i>lac</i>I marker gene in lambda phage; C57BL/6 background), 身体の一部: head | mutation frequency | 1.5 GHz | 0.27–2 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 90 min/day, 5 days/week for 2 or 4 weeks | PDC, TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Juutilainen J et al. | 2007 | 動物, mouse/CBA/S and transgenic of the line K2 (over-expressing the human ODC gene) and non-transgenic littermate, 全身 | formation of micronuclei | 849 MHz | 0.35–1.5 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 1.5 h/day, 5 days/week, for 78 weeks | アナログ携帯電話, デジタル携帯電話, GSM, NMT, D-AMPS, 移動体通信システム |
Aitken RJ et al. | 2005 | 動物, mouse/CD-1 Swiss, 全身 | DNA damage in spermatozoa | 900 MHz | 90 mW/kg | repeated daily exposure, 12 h/day for 7 days | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Jiang B et al. | 2012 | 動物, mouse/ICR, 全身 | DNA damage (alkali labile sites and DNA single-strand breaks) | 900 MHz | 548 mW/kg | continuous for 4 hours/day for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days | 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, 無線送信機, 共ばく露 |
Zong C et al. | 2015 | 動物, mouse/ICR, 全身 | DNA damage in leukocytes, oxidative stress and antioxidative status in plasma, liver and lung | 900 MHz | 50 mW/kg | continuous for 4 h/day for 7 days | 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波, 共ばく露 |
Sykes PJ et al. | 2001 | 動物, mouse/pKZ1(transgenic, with beta-galactosidase gene (<i>lacZ</i>)), 全身 | intrachromosomal recombination, inversion frequency | 900 MHz | 4 W/kg | repeated daily exposure for 30 min/day for 1, 5 or 25 days (5 days/week) | GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Güler G et al. | 2010 | 動物, rabbit/New Zealand White, 全身 | lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in the brain | 1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 15 min/day on 7 days - from day 15 to day 22 of gestation | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Guler G et al. | 2012 | 動物, rabbit/New Zealand, 全身 | effects on the liver of young rabbits (DNA damage and lipid peroxidation) | 1,800 MHz | 1.8 W/kg | continuous for 15 min/day on 7 days (female) or 14 days (male) | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Hussein S et al. | 2016 | 動物, rat | changes and damage in the rat brain | 1,800 MHz | 0.6 W/kg | continuous for 120 min/day for three months | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Kesari KK et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/ Wistar, 全身 | DNA damage, protein expression, apoptosis and oxidative stress in brain | 2,115 MHz | 0.26–0.9 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours/day for 60 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Belyaev IY et al. | 2006 | 動物, rat/Fischer 344, 全身 | DNA strand breaks, changes in chromatin conformation, gene expression | 915 MHz | 0.4 mW/g | continuous for 2 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Deshmukh PS et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Fischer 344, 全身 | DNA damage in the rat brain | 900 MHz | 0.5838–0.6672 mW/kg | 2 h/day, 5 days/week for 30 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, 低レベルマイクロ波, 2.45 GHz |
Deshmukh PS et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/Fischer 344, 全身 | cognitive function, Hsp70 protein expression and DNA damage in the rat brain | 900 MHz | 0.5853–0.6672 mW/kg | continuous for 2 h/day, 5 days/week for 180 days | 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, 2.45 GHz |
Deshmukh PS et al. | 2016 | 動物, rat/Fischer 344, 全身 | Hsp70 protein expression and DNA damage, learning and spatial memory | 900 MHz | 0.5835–0.6672 mW/kg | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, マイクロ波, 低レベルマイクロ波, W-LAN/WiFi, RF電磁界, CW 連続波 |
Vijayalaxmi et al. | 2003 | 動物, rat/Fischer 344, 全身, 身体の一部: head | formation of micronuclei | 1.6 GHz | 0.077–1.6 W/kg | 2 h/day, 7 days/week,starting on day 19 of gestation and lasting until the offspring reached an age of 3 weeks | IRIDIUM, 移動体通信システム |
Alkis ME et al. | 2019 | 動物, rat/Sprague Dawley | - | 900–2,100 MHz | - | - | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, GSM |
Khalil AM et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | DNA damage/oxidative stress (urinary level of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine) | 1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 2 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Hanci H et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身: <i>in utero</i> | DNA damage in plasma, apoptosis, histopathological changes and oxidative stress in testis | 900 MHz | - | 1 h/day from 13th to 21st day of pregnancy | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界 |
Gurbuz N et al. | 2010 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | micronucleus formation | 1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 20 min./day, 5 days/week during 1 month | 移動体通信システム, デジタル携帯電話, GSM |
Sekeroglu V et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | DNA damage (chromosome aberration, micronucleus test), cytotoxicity | 1,800 MHz | 0.37–0.49 W/kg | continuous for two hours/day for 45 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Atli Sekeroglu Z et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | DNA damage, cytotoxicity | 900 MHz | 0.37–0.76 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day for 45 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, CW 連続波 |
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