Study overviews

Mobile phone related articles are

Please note that a publication can be assigned to several endpoints, i.e. the sum of publications from the individual thematic points and subpoints can be greater than the total sum of actual publications.

Experimental studies on mobile communications

1696 studies in total
  1. Health
    738 studies
  2. DNA, proteins, and oxidative stress
    561 studies
  3. Brain
    511 studies
  4. Cells
    220 studies
  5. Other
    204 studies
  6. Cell functions
    118 studies

Cells

220 studies in total
  1. Apoptosis/cell death
    111 studies
  2. Cell proliferation/growth
    81 studies
  3. Cell morphology
    37 studies
  4. Cell cycle
    33 studies
  5. Cell viability
    33 studies
  6. Cell differentiation
    8 studies
  7. Cell orientation
    one study

Apoptosis/cell death 111 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Umur AS et al. 2013 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn (eggs), whole body development of the neural tube - 0.77 W/kg standby mode for 30, 48 or 72 hours mobile phone, mobile communications
Tohidi FZ et al. 2015 animal, mouse/BALB/c - - - - mobile communications, RF field
El-Swefy S et al. 2008 animal, rat/albino - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone base station, co-exposure
Koç A et al. 2013 animal, rat/Wistar - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone
Varghese R et al. 2018 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley, whole body - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone, 2.45 GHz, W-LAN/WiFi
Stefi AL et al. 2019 intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) - - - - mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Jooyan N et al. 2019 intact cell/cell culture, CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells - - - - mobile communications, GSM
Gevrek F 2018 animal, rat/Wistar albino - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone
Yinhui P et al. 2023 animal, mouse/BALB/c - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone, LTE, CDMA
Dogan M et al. 2012 animal, rat/Wistar, whole body brain metabolism, oxidative stress, histopathology and apoptosis in the brain 1.9 Hz–2.2 GHz - every day two times 20 min (1x talking, 1x listening mode) from day 2 to day 21 digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Naarala J et al. 2004 intact cell/cell culture, yeast cell strains (<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>), mammalian cell lines (L929, SH-SY5Y, C6, primary rat astrocytes) ornithine decarboxylase activity, cell cycle kinetics, cell proliferation, apoptosis 50 Hz 6 W/kg continuous for 1 to 24 h mobile communications, GSM, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line
Belyaev IY et al. 2005 intact cell/cell culture chromatin conformation and 53BP1 foci formation (DNA damage), apoptosis 50 Hz 37 mW/kg continuous for 2 h GSM, mobile communications, microwaves, 50/60 Hz
Nikolova T et al. 2005 intact cell/cell culture, ES R1 cells (mouse embryonic stem cells) different effects (e.g. different transcript levels, genotoxicity, proliferation, apoptosis, cytotoxicity, mitochondrial function) 50 Hz–1.25 kHz 1.5 W/kg intermittent, 5 min on/30 min off, for 6 h and 48 h GSM, mobile communications, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line
Sagioglou NE et al. 2016 - - 100–900 MHz - - GSM, TETRA/TETRAPOL, mobile communications, RF field, FM frequency modulation, CW continuous wave, Radio/TV transmitter, FM broadcast (UKW)
Atasoy A et al. 2009 intact cell/cell culture cell surface antigenic structures, cell viability, cell proliferation, apoptosis 450 MHz - continuous for 2 hr, 6 hr or 24 hr mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, RF field
Hook GJ et al. 2004 intact cell/cell culture, Molt-4 T (lymphoblastoid cells) DNA damage/DNA single-strand breaks, apoptosis 813.56 MHz 2.4 mW/kg–3.2 W/kg continuous for 2, 3 or 21 h iDEN, CDMA, FDMA, TDMA, mobile communications
Kim JH et al. 2017 animal, mouse/C57BL/6, whole body - 835 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone
Kim JH et al. 2018 animal, mouse/C57BL/6 - 835 MHz - - mobile communications, RF field, CW continuous wave
Kim JH et al. 2018 animal, mouse/C57BL/6 - 835 MHz - - mobile communications, RF field
Lee JS et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, HT22 (mouse hippocampus neuronal cells) cytotoxicity 837–1,950 MHz 2 W/kg continuous for 2 hours mobile phone, CDMA, W-CDMA, mobile communications, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure
Kim TH et al. 2008 animal, mouse/C57BL, partial body: head effects on the brain (cell proliferation, cell death / apoptosis, distribution of neurons and glia cells) 849 MHz 1.55–7.8 W/kg repeated daily exposure, 1 h/day, 5 days/week, for 6 or 12 months digital mobile phone, PCS, CDMA, mobile communications
Azadi Oskouyi E et al. 2015 animal, rabbit/New Zealand, whole body - 850–950 MHz - - mobile phone, mobile communications, FM frequency modulation
Souza LCM et al. 2014 human, partial body nuclear abnormalities 850–1,900 MHz 0.344–1.38 W/kg > 5 hours mobile phone use per week mobile phone, mobile communications
Hoyto A et al. 2008 intact cell/cell culture, human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) and mouse fibroblasts (L929) cell proliferation, cell death 872 MHz 5 W/kg continuous for 1 or 24 h digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Hoyto A et al. 2008 intact cell/cell culture, murine L929 fibroblast cells cell proliferation and apoptosis 872 MHz 5 W/kg 1 h and 24 h for ODC measurement, 24 h for proliferation measurement, 1 h for caspase-3 activity measurement GSM, mobile communications, RF field, CW continuous wave, PW pulsed wave
Durdik M et al. 2019 intact cell/cell culture, Nabelschnurblut-Zellen - 890.2–1,947.4 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, UMTS, microwaves
Capri M et al. 2004 intact cell/cell culture mitochondrial functionality, proliferation; cell cycle progression; spontaneous/induced apoptosis 900 MHz 70–76 mW/kg repeated daily exposure, 1 h/day during 48 h or 72 h of culture GSM, mobile communications
Merola P et al. 2006 intact cell/cell culture, LAN-5 (human neuroblastoma cells) cell proliferation; apoptosis, cell differentiation 900 MHz 1 W/kg continuous for 24, 48 and 72 h GSM, mobile communications
Joubert V et al. 2006 intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) apoptosis 900 MHz 0.25–2 W/kg continuous for 24 h GSM, mobile communications, microwaves
Joubert V et al. 2007 intact cell/cell culture apoptosis 900 MHz 0.25 W/kg continuous for 24 h GSM, mobile communications
Panagopoulos DJ et al. 2007 invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> ovarian cell death/DNA fragmentation 900 MHz - repeated daily exposure, 6 min/day, for 6 days digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Yilmaz F et al. 2008 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body apoptosis 900 MHz 0.52–3.13 W/kg repeated daily exposure, 20 min/day, for 1 month digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Palumbo R et al. 2008 intact cell/cell culture, Jurkat cells (human lymphoblastoid T cells) and human peripheral blood lymphocytes apoptosis 900 MHz 1.35–10.8 W/kg continuous for 1 h mobile communications, GSM
Cao Y et al. 2009 intact cell/cell culture, SHG44 cells (human glioma cells) oxidative stress, cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis 900 MHz - continuous for 2 h/day on 3 days mobile phone, mobile communications, co-exposure
Dasdag S et al. 2009 animal, rat/Wistar albino, partial body: head apoptosis and oxidative stress in the brain 900 MHz 0.17–0.58 W/kg continuous for 2 hr/day, 7 days/week for 10 months mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, microwaves
Panagopoulos DJ et al. 2010 invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>/Oregon-R ovarian cell death/DNA fragmentation, reproductive capacity of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> 900 MHz 0.89 W/kg continuous for 6 min/day on 6 days mobile phone, mobile phone base station, GSM, mobile communications
Falzone N et al. 2010 human spermatozoa pro-apoptosis events in human spermatozoa (e.g. enzyme activity of caspases, externalization of phosphatidylserine, DNA strand breaks and production of reactive oxygen species) 900 MHz 2–5.7 W/kg continuous for 60 min. mobile phone, digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, PW pulsed wave
Chavdoula ED et al. 2010 invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>/Oregon-R ovarian cell death/DNA fragmentation, reproductive capacity of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> 900 MHz - continuous for 6 min./day on 6 days mobile communications, digital mobile phone, GSM
Terro F et al. 2012 intact cell/cell culture, primary cerebral cortical cells (neurons and astrocytes) of rat embryos chaperone-mediated auto-phagocytosis, apoptosis 900 MHz 0.25 W/kg continuous for 24 h GSM, mobile communications, PW pulsed wave
Zhu Y et al. 2008 intact cell/cell culture, rat cortical neuronal cells, animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley - 900 MHz - continuous for 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 or 24 h mobile phone, mobile communications, microwaves, co-exposure
Sokolovic D et al. 2013 animal, rat/Wistar, whole body oxidative stress, proliferation and apoptosis in thymocytes, genotoxicity 900 MHz 0.043–0.135 W/g continuous for 4 hours/day on 20, 40 or 60 consecutive days mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Kruglik OV et al. 2013 intact cell/cell culture, EAC cells (Ehrlich ascites carcinoma) - 900 MHz - - mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Köktürk S et al. 2013 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body apoptosis in the cerebellum 900 MHz - 30 min/day until rats were 80 days old mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Motawi TK et al. 2014 animal, rat/Wistar albino - 900 MHz - - mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Ozgur E et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, Hep G2 cells (hepatic transformed cell line) - 900 MHz 2 W/kg - mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Kahya MC et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, MDA-MB-231 cells (breast cancer cell line) - 900 MHz 0.36 W/kg - mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, co-exposure
Naziroglu M et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, hippocampal neurons (from Wistar rats) - 900 MHz - - mobile phone, mobile communications
Cig B et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell line) apoptosis, cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration, generation of reactive oxygen species 900 MHz 0.18–0.58 mW/kg continuous for 1 hour mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz
Odaci E et al. 2015 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body histology, apoptosis and oxidative stress in the testes 900 MHz 0.025 W/kg continuous for 1 hour/day for 30 days mobile phone, mobile communications
Yilmaz A et al. 2017 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley - 900 MHz - - mobile phone, mobile communications