この研究は、一般的なGSM携帯電話から放射されるパルス化無線周波（RF）電磁界（搬送周波数900 MHz、音声によって「変調」）がオスおよびメスのショウジョウバエの生殖能力に与える影響を調べた。ショウジョウバエは、オス・メス別々に、成虫期の最初の2〜5日間、1日6分間、携帯電話アンテナからの近傍電磁界へのばく露を与えた。その結果、音声信号を乗せた放射の場合、生殖能力は50 – 60 %低下したが、音声信号を乗せない放射の場合、その低下は15 – 20 %であった；GSM電磁界は、オス、メスのどちらにも影響を与えた、と報告している。
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To study the effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic irradiation at 900 MHz, emitted by GSM mobile phones on reproductive capacity of the insect Drosophila melanogaster.
In the first experiment (A) the insects were exposed to the mobile phone's GSM field while the mobile phone was operating in "non-speaking mode" ("non-modulated emission"; situation when the user listens through the mobile phone during connection). In the second set of experiments (B) the mobile phone was operating in "speaking mode" ("modulated emission"; the experimenter was speaking close to the mobile phone' microphone during exposure) during exposures and the third set of experiments (C) was designed to record the effect of the field on the reproductive capacity of each sex separately.
| ばく露 | パラメータ |
|---|---|
|
ばく露1:
900 MHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
ばく露時間:
repeated daily exposure, 6 min/day for 5 days
GSM basic modulation
|
|
|
ばく露2:
900 MHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
ばく露時間:
repeated daily exposure, 6 min/day for 5 days
GSM talk modulation
|
|
|
ばく露3:
900 MHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
ばく露時間:
repeated daily exposure, 6 min/day for 2 days
testing the effect on each sex separately
|
| 周波数 | 900 MHz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| 特性 |
|
| ばく露時間 | repeated daily exposure, 6 min/day for 5 days |
| Additional information | GSM basic modulation |
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Repetition frequency | 217 Hz |
| Additional information |
non-speaking mode (non-modulated emission) |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|---|
| チャンバの詳細 | The exposures and the field measurements took place in a quiet but not sound-isolated room. Flies were put in groups of 10 in standard laboratory 50-ml cylindrical glass vials (tubes), with 2.5-cm diameter and 10-cm height, with standard food, which formed a smooth plane surface, 1-cm thick at the bottom of the vials. The glass vials were closed with cotton plugs that were pushed down each time before exposure to confine the flies to a small area of 1-cm height between the cotton and the food to provide roughly even exposure to all flies. After the exposure, the cotton plugs were pulled back to the top of the vials, and the vials were put back in the culture room. |
| ばく露装置の詳細 | The mobile phone was held close to the experimenter's head with its antenna facing downward, being at the same time parallel to and in contact with the glass vials. The experimenter could speak on the mobile phone during connection ("modulated emission") or could just make no sound ("non-modulated emission"). In both cases, the experimenter's position in relation to the mobile phone and the glass vials was the same. |
| Additional information | In the first two sets of experiments, the insects were separated into two groups (each one consisting of 10 female and 10 male, newly emerged flies): exposed group and sham exposed (control) group. The sham exposed groups had identical treatment, except that the mobile phone was turned off. |
| 周波数 | 900 MHz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| 特性 |
|
| ばく露時間 | repeated daily exposure, 6 min/day for 5 days |
| Additional information | GSM talk modulation |
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Repetition frequency | 217 Hz |
| Additional information |
speaking mode (modulated emission) |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|
| 周波数 | 900 MHz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| 特性 |
|
| ばく露時間 | repeated daily exposure, 6 min/day for 2 days |
| Additional information | testing the effect on each sex separately |
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Repetition frequency | 217 Hz |
| Additional information |
speaking mode (modulated emission) |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|---|
| Additional information | In this third set of experiments, the insects were separated into four groups (each one consisting again of 10 female and 10 male insects). In the first group, both male and female insects were exposed. In the second group, only the females, and in the third group, only the males were exposed. The fourth group was sham exposed (control). |
Pulsed radiofrequency electromagnetic irradiation from common GSM mobile phones with a carrier frequency at 900 MHz, "modulated" by human voice (speaking emission) decreased the reproductive capacity of Drosophila melanogaster by 50 % - 60 %, whereas the corresponding "non-modulated"- field (non-speaking emission) decreased the reproductive capacity by 15 % - 20 %. The field is found to affect both females and males.
The data suggest that this field-irradiation decreases the rate of cellular processes during gonad development in insects.
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