この研究は、雌のWistarラットの成長および思春期発育に対する2450MHz電磁界（217Hz変調2450MHz）の長期ばく露の影響を調べた。妊娠した12匹の雌ラットを4匹ずつの3群（子宮内ばく露群、出生後ばく露群、擬似ばく露群）に分けた。各群から生まれた新生仔群から、21日目にそれぞれ雌8匹を無作為抽出し、3群を構成した。子宮内ばく露群のばく露期間は、母親の全妊娠期間中および出生後21日から膣開口（VO）観察日まで、出生後ばく露群のばく露期間は、母親は無ばく露で、出生後21日からVO観察日までとした。2450MHzのばく露は、放射状に並べた6つのプラスティック円筒に各個体を入れ、放射中心に置かれたアンテナ（出力0.8W）からの近傍界（FDTD法による計算では、全身平均SARは0.1W/kg）に1日1時間ばく露した。VO観察後、卵巣、脳組織の組織学的検査、総抗酸化状態（TAS）、全酸化状態（TOS）、酸化ストレス指標（OSI）、視床下部の免疫組織化学的染色、血清中のFSH、LH、E2、IGF-1 の測定を行った。その結果、出生時体重に有意差はなかった；子宮内ばく露群では、出生後の体重増加速度が有意に遅く、VOが有意に遅れた；擬似ばく露群に比べ、子宮内ばく露群では、脳および卵巣のTOS、OSIが有意に上昇した；子宮内ばく露群、出生後ばく露群の血清中LHレベルは上昇したが、FSH、E2に各群間で差はなかった、などを報告している。
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The effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure of female rats to 2.45 GHz electromagnetic field on growth and development should be investigated.
Dams were divided into 2 groups: exposure to the electromagnetic field (n=4) and sham exposure (n=8). The (sham) exposure period started after fertilization and ended with birth. Until the weaning, mothers and pubs were kept together without exposure. After 21 days, 2 young rats from each mother were choosen randomly and the following groups were created (n=8 each): 1) prenatal and postnatal exposure (pups from exposed dams), 2) postnatal exposure only and 3) sham exposure (groups 2+3 both with pups from sham exposed dams). Animals were killed and examined when they reached puberty.
| ばく露 | パラメータ |
|---|---|
|
ばく露1:
2.45 GHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
ばく露時間:
continuous for 1 hour/day during gestation until birth and after weaning until puberty
|
|
|
ばく露2:
2.45 GHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
ばく露時間:
continuous for 1 hour/day after weaning until puberty
|
| 周波数 | 2.45 GHz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| 特性 |
|
| ばく露時間 | continuous for 1 hour/day during gestation until birth and after weaning until puberty |
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Repetition frequency | 217 Hz |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|---|
| Distance between exposed object and exposure source | 5 cm |
| チャンバの詳細 | EMF-shielded room (size approx. over 120 cm) made of stainless steel sheets covering the walls (average shielding effectiveness value was 100 dB on the frequency band of 1-6 GHz) |
| ばく露装置の詳細 | 6 animals were exposed simultaneously in restrainers in 3 different sizes according to the size of the animal (carousel setup around monopole) |
| Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
| 周波数 | 2.45 GHz |
|---|---|
| タイプ |
|
| 特性 |
|
| ばく露時間 | continuous for 1 hour/day after weaning until puberty |
| Modulation type | pulsed |
|---|---|
| Repetition frequency | 217 Hz |
| ばく露の発生源／構造 |
|
|---|
The mass gain per day was significantly lower and the puberty was reached significantly later in the prenatal and postnatal exposed rats (groups 1) compared to postnatal (group 2) and sham exposed rats (group 3). Oxidative stress was significantly increased in group 1 and the serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone were significantly higher in both exposure groups compared to the sham exposure group.
Histology of the brain and ovary as well as all other parameters did not show any significant differences between the groups.
The authors conclude that prenatal and postnatal exposure of rats to 2.45 GHz electromagnetic field might influence growth and development, especially when both exposure scenarios are combined.
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