研究のタイプ: 医学／生物学の研究 (experimental study)

[ラットの脳機能に対する2.14GHzのW-CDMA携帯電話信号の全身ばく露による複数世代影響] med./bio.

Multigenerational effects of whole body exposure to 2.14 GHz W-CDMA cellular phone signals on brain function in rats

著者: Shirai T, Imai N, Wang J, Takahashi S, Kawabe M, Wake K, Kawai H, Watanabe S, Furukawa F, Fujiwara O
掲載誌: Bioelectromagnetics 2014; 35 (7): 497-511
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この研究は、ラットに3世代継続的に2.14GHzのW-CDMA携帯電話信号の全身ばく露（1日20時間）を与え、神経行動学的機能など生物学的パラメータを調べた。ばく露レベルは高（<0.24W/kg）、低（<0.08W/kg）、擬似（0W/kg）の3群とし、同じばく露レベル群内で、F0、F1、F2と継続実験した。妊娠母ラット（4匹／群）は妊娠7日目から離乳までばく露、その新生仔（F1：母１匹から雌雄各4匹）は6週齢までばく露を継続、F1の半分（雌雄各8匹（母１匹から雌雄各2匹）／群）は、11週齢で交配させ、妊娠7日目からばく露を開始する。このプロトコルをF2である妊娠母ラットとF3である新生仔まで繰り返し、F3は10週齢で検査された。その結果、母ラット（F0、F1、F2）およびその子孫（F1、F2、F3）に何ら異常は観察されなかった、と報告している。

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研究目的（著者による）

The effects of a chronic multigenerational exposure of rats to a 2.14 GHz electromagnetic field on development, fertility and brain functions should be investigated.

詳細情報

The present study was designed as an extension of a previous study by the authors (Takahashi et al., 2010) with further parameters and an additional generation (F3) .
12 pregnant rats were divided into 3 groups (n=4 each): 1) sham exposure, 2) low-level exposure and 3) high-level exposure. Exposure started on gestational day 7 with generation P1 and on the first postnatal day the litters were culled to 8 young animals (4 males and 4 females) per mother, resulting in 16 young animals of each sex per group (F1). The mothers were then exposed for further 21 days together with the pups (until weaning) and subsequently, the P1 mothers investigated and the F1 rats were further exposed until 6 weeks of age. Then half of the rats were investigated (8 males and 8 females per group) and the rest was used for mating to generate F2, which was done when the rats were 11 weeks old. F2 rats were treated like F1 rats and were partly investigated after 6 weeks of exposure and partly used to generate generation F3, which was finally killed and examined when the rats were 11 weeks old.
The whole experiment was conducted twice.

影響評価項目

ばく露

ばく露 パラメータ
ばく露1: 2.14 GHz
ばく露時間: continuous for 20 h/day over 3 generations
low level exposure
  • SAR: 0.034 W/g mean (whole body) (± 0.012; for fetuses)
  • SAR: 0.081 W/g mean (whole body) (± 0.04; highest value for young animals before weaning)
  • SAR: 0.06 W/g mean (whole body) (± 0.018; for young animals after weaning)
  • SAR: 0.05 W/g mean (whole body) (± 0.007; highest value for mothers)
  • 電力: 0.97 W (± 5%)
ばく露2: 2.14 GHz
ばく露時間: continuous for 20 h/day over 3 generations
high level exposure
  • SAR: 0.102 W/g mean (whole body) (± 0.035; for fetuses)
  • SAR: 0.244 W/g mean (whole body) (± 0.12; highest value for young animals before weaning)
  • SAR: 0.18 W/g mean (whole body) (± 0.055; for young animals after weaning)
  • SAR: 0.149 W/g mean (whole body) (± 0.022; highest value for mothers)
  • 電力: 2.91 W (± 5%)

ばく露1

主たる特性
周波数 2.14 GHz
タイプ
  • electromagnetic field
偏波
  • circular
ばく露時間 continuous for 20 h/day over 3 generations
Additional information low level exposure
Additional information downlink signals from base stations of the W-CDMA system in Japan with a bandwidth of 5 MHz, a peak to average power ratio of 3 dB, and a number of codes of 512 in the downlink.
ばく露装置
ばく露の発生源／構造
チャンバの詳細 acrylic cages
ばく露装置の詳細 exposure chamber was made of metal with dimensions of 90 x 90 x 40 cm; the inside, except for the roof, was paved with a 6 cm thick planar radio frequency absorber with a reflection loss of more than 20 dB at 2.14 GHz; exposure chamber contained 4 acrylic cages, each containing either one pregnant rat, 1 mother and 8 pups or 4 young animals, depending on the stage of the experiment; two 3/2-wavelength antennas were placed beneath the ceiling at a distance of 1.4-1.8 wavelengths from the rats in the chamber; during exposure 22 ± 3°C and 55 ± 15% humidity were maintained
Sham exposure A sham exposure was conducted.
パラメータ
測定量 値 種別 Method Mass 備考
SAR 0.034 W/g mean 測定値および計算値 whole body ± 0.012; for fetuses
SAR 0.081 W/g mean 測定値および計算値 whole body ± 0.04; highest value for young animals before weaning
SAR 0.06 W/g mean 測定値および計算値 whole body ± 0.018; for young animals after weaning
SAR 0.05 W/g mean 測定値および計算値 whole body ± 0.007; highest value for mothers
電力 0.97 W - 測定値 - ± 5%
Additional parameter details

the electric fields were within the average 15% in more than 80% positions in the rat activity area

ばく露2

主たる特性
周波数 2.14 GHz
タイプ
  • electromagnetic field
偏波
  • circular
ばく露時間 continuous for 20 h/day over 3 generations
Additional information high level exposure
ばく露装置
ばく露の発生源／構造
  • E1と同じ装置
パラメータ
測定量 値 種別 Method Mass 備考
SAR 0.102 W/g mean 測定値および計算値 whole body ± 0.035; for fetuses
SAR 0.244 W/g mean 測定値および計算値 whole body ± 0.12; highest value for young animals before weaning
SAR 0.18 W/g mean 測定値および計算値 whole body ± 0.055; for young animals after weaning
SAR 0.149 W/g mean 測定値および計算値 whole body ± 0.022; highest value for mothers
電力 2.91 W - 測定値 - ± 5%

Reference articles

  • Imai N et al. (2011): [IMT-2000携帯電話用の1.95GHz W-CDMAのラット精巣への影響]
  • Takahashi S et al. (2010): [ラット胎児に対する携帯電話電磁界全身ばく露の悪影響なし]
  • Ogawa K et al. (2009): [IMT-2000携帯電話の1.95GHz W-CDMA信号に対する妊娠中のばく露の影響：ラットにおいて胎児毒性および催奇形性は見られず]
  • Wang J et al. (2008): [非制限妊娠と新生児ラット2ＧＨＺ全身暴露のドシメトリ分析]

ばく露を受けた生物:

方法 影響評価項目／測定パラメータ／方法

研究対象とした生物試料:
研究対象とした臓器系:
調査の時期:
  • ばく露中
  • ばく露後

研究の主なアウトカム（著者による）

The body weight was significantly higher in group 3 (high level exposure) of generation F3 compared to the sham exposure group. However, the data were not consistent in both experiments, the difference was slight and the biological significance is unknown. Several organ weights were significantly increased in both exposure groups of offspring generations compared to the sham exposure. However, these data were inconsistent over the generations and between the genders in both experiments. All other parameters were either not significantly different between the exposure groups and the sham exposure group or the differences occured only sporadically and inconsistently.
The authors conclude that a chronic multigenerational exposure of rats to a 2.14 GHz electromagnetic field has no effect on the investigated parameters. Thus, the results of the previous study are confirmed.

研究の種別:

研究助成

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